List the 2 red flags for Raynaud's disease.

The essential feature of dissociative identity disorder (DID) is the presence of two or more distinct personality states or identities, which may alternate and take control of the individual's behavior and thoughts.

These identity states may have their own unique ways of perceiving the world, memories, emotions, and behaviors. The switch between these identities may be triggered by stress or trauma, and the individual may have gaps in their memory when a different identity is in control.

DID is often associated with a history of childhood trauma, such as physical or sexual abuse, neglect, or other adverse experiences. Therapy for DID typically involves helping the individual integrate their different identities and address the underlying trauma.

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The most likely diagnosis for a 38-year-old male presenting with dysphagia and pain on swallowing solids more than liquids, along with the presence of oral thrush, is esophageal candidiasis.

A 38-year-old male presenting with dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), pain when swallowing solids more than liquids, and oral thrush is Esophageal Candidiasis. Oral thrush, which is a fungal infection caused by Candida species, can spread to the esophagus and cause Esophageal Candidiasis, leading to the mentioned symptoms.

                              This is an infection caused by the fungus Candida that can occur when the immune system is compromised or weakened. Further evaluation, such as endoscopy and biopsy, may be needed to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate treatment.

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Based on the patient's symptoms and history, the most likely diagnosis is pulmonary tuberculosis. It is important for the nurse to facilitate appropriate diagnostic testing and treatment.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a dangerous infection that affects the lungs but has the potential to spread to other organs. It is known as pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Anyone who has been exposed to MTB is at risk of contracting the infectious disease tuberculosis. Feeling unwell, being weak, losing weight, having a fever, and having night sweats are typical TB signs and symptoms.

Coughing, chest pain, and hemoptysis are signs of tuberculosis lung illness. Depending on the affected area, TB symptoms may appear in different body parts. Most instances of tuberculosis can be healed with medication. Typically, an antibiotic regimen should last six months. Because some tuberculosis strains are resistant to particular medications, multiple drugs are utilised. As well as taking appropriate infection control precautions in the healthcare setting to prevent transmission to other patients and healthcare workers.

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The most likely diagnosis for this patient's symptoms is a stroke, and prompt medical intervention is necessary for optimal treatment and recovery.

Based on the presented symptoms and medical history, the most likely diagnosis is a stroke. The slurred speech, facial drooping, numbness, and weakness in the right hand all suggest a possible blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, which can cause neurological deficits. The presence of a Babinski sign on the right also indicates damage to the central nervous system.

The patient's history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and heavy smoking are all risk factors for stroke. Hypertension and diabetes can damage blood vessels and increase the risk of clots, while smoking can contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries.

It is important for the patient to receive immediate medical attention, as time is crucial in the treatment of a stroke. Treatment may include medications to dissolve blood clots or surgery to remove blockages. Rehabilitation and lifestyle changes may also be necessary to prevent further strokes.

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The defense mechanism you are referring to is known as regression.

It involves a person reverting back to an earlier stage of development or behavior in response to stress, anxiety, or other uncomfortable emotions. This may involve adopting childlike behaviors or habits that were once abandoned, such as sucking their thumb or throwing temper tantrums. Regression can provide temporary relief from the stresses of adulthood, but it is not a long-term solution to problems. Instead, it can prevent a person from developing more effective coping mechanisms and lead to stagnation in personal growth. It is important to recognize when we are using regression as a defense mechanism and to seek support in finding healthier ways to deal with our emotions.

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The correct answer is True. Specific phobias involve a strong and persistent fear or avoidance of a particular object or situation. This fear or avoidance is excessive and unreasonable and can cause significant distress and impairment in daily functioning.

Examples of specific phobias include fear of spiders, heights, flying, enclosed spaces, and public speaking. It is important to note that specific phobias are different from other anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder or social anxiety disorder, as they are focused on a specific trigger rather than a more general sense of worry or fear. Treatment for specific phobias typically involves exposure therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, or medication, and can be highly effective in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life.

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The DX (diagnosis) for pain in the thoracic back depends on the underlying cause of the pain. Thoracic back pain refers to pain in the middle or upper back region, between the neck and the lower back. Some common causes of thoracic back pain include poor posture, muscle strain or sprain, herniated discs, spinal stenosis, osteoporosis, and scoliosis.

To determine the DX for thoracic back pain, a healthcare provider will perform a physical exam and ask about the patient's medical history and symptoms. They may also order imaging tests such as an X-ray, MRI, or CT scan to help diagnose the underlying cause of the pain.

Treatment for thoracic back pain varies depending on the cause. Treatment options may include physical therapy, medication, rest, heat or ice therapy, or surgery in severe cases. It's important to seek medical attention if you experience persistent or severe thoracic back pain, as it may be a sign of a more serious underlying condition.

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Unconsciousness, blue lips or nails, clammy skin, slow or shallow breathing, pinpoint pupils, and a weak pulse are the six signs of an opioid overdose, often known as UBCHHB.

When someone consumes more opioids than their body can process, they have an opioid overdose, which can have hazardous and even fatal side effects. The UBCHHB, or six opioid overdose symptoms, can be used to determine if someone is suffering from an overdose. Blue lips or nails or clammy skin are telltale signs that the body is losing oxygen, while unconsciousness is a certain indication that medical assistance is required. The signs of an opioid overdose include shallow or slow breathing, narrow pupils, and a weak pulse, all of which call for rapid medical attention to avoid serious injury or death. If you or someone you know exhibits any of these symptoms, it's critical to phone emergency services straight once.

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Sildenafil is the medication most likely to cause a drug-drug interaction with nitroglycerin, potentially leading to a significant drop in blood pressure.

Nitroglycerin is a medication commonly used to treat angina, a condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort due to reduced blood flow to the heart. It works by relaxing and dilating the blood vessels, allowing for improved blood flow and decreased workload on the heart.

Sildenafil, on the other hand, is a medication used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). It belongs to a class of drugs called phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, which work by increasing blood flow to the male reproductive organ during intimate stimulation.

Both nitroglycerin and sildenafil have blood pressure-lowering effects. When taken together, they can have a cumulative effect and cause a significant drop in blood pressure, leading to symptoms such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and fainting.

It is important for Mr. Franks to discuss his concerns with his healthcare provider or pharmacist before starting any new medication. They can review his current medication regimen, including nitroglycerin, and determine the potential for drug-drug interactions.

They may recommend adjusting the dosage or timing of medications to minimize the risk of low blood pressure and ensure his safety and well-being.

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Normal sinus rhythm refers to the normal electrical activity of the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinoatrial node, that generates electrical impulses in a regular pattern. When the heart beats in a regular rhythm, it pumps blood efficiently to the rest of the body.

Unifocal PVCs, on the other hand, are premature ventricular contractions that originate from a single location in the ventricles of the heart. These contractions can occur in people with otherwise normal hearts and may not require treatment unless they become more frequent or symptomatic. Normal sinus rhythm with unifocal PVCs indicates that the heart is beating in a regular pattern, but there are occasional extra beats originating from a single location in the ventricles.Unifocal PVCs, or unifocal premature ventricular contractions, are abnormal heartbeats that originate from a single location within the ventricles. These PVCs can interrupt the normal sinus rhythm, but typically do not pose a significant risk to overall heart function.

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Based on the presented symptoms, the most likely diagnosis for the 45-year-old female patient would be deep vein thrombosis (DVT). DVT is a blood clot that forms in a deep vein, often in the leg.

The patient's calf pain, tenderness, warmth, redness, and swelling, along with the recent use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) for dysfunctional uterine bleeding, are all risk factors for DVT.It is important for the patient to seek medical attention as soon as possible to confirm the diagnosis and receive appropriate treatment. Treatment for DVT may include blood thinners, compression stockings, and lifestyle changes.In conclusion, the presented symptoms and medical history suggest a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis in the 45-year-old female patient. Seeking medical attention promptly is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.The patient presents with right calf pain, tenderness, warmth, redness, and swelling, which are signs suggestive of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). The recent initiation of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) for dysfunctional uterine bleeding could be a contributing factor, as OCPs are known to increase the risk of developing blood clots. It's important for the patient to seek medical attention for a proper evaluation and diagnosis.

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Option D. Verbalizing an honest desire for help would indicate that a client with a long history of alcohol use disorder is ready for treatment.

This shows that the individual recognizes the problem and is willing to seek help for it. The other options do not necessarily indicate readiness for treatment as they could be temporary or not indicative of a long-term change in behavior.
D. Verbalizing an honest desire for help

When a client with a long history of alcohol use disorder is ready for treatment, they will typically display a change in behavior that indicates a genuine willingness to seek help. This may involve verbally expressing an honest desire for assistance in addressing their addiction. While other behaviors, such as drinking socially or avoiding alcohol for a week, may show some progress, they do not necessarily signify readiness for treatment. Being hospitalized for detoxification is a step towards recovery, but it does not guarantee that the client is truly prepared to engage in the treatment process.

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Based on the symptoms presented, the builder may be experiencing blepharitis or meibomian gland dysfunction. These conditions can cause pain on lid movements, photophobia, and impaired visual acuity.

Interim management can include warm compresses, lid hygiene, and artificial tears to alleviate symptoms. If these measures do not improve the symptoms or if the builder has underlying medical conditions such as autoimmune diseases, then referral to an ophthalmologist may be necessary.

It is also important to rule out any other serious eye conditions such as uveitis, corneal ulceration, or acute angle-closure glaucoma. If the builder experiences sudden onset severe pain, decreased vision, or sudden onset of floaters and flashes of light, immediate referral to an ophthalmologist is warranted.

In summary, the builder's symptoms may indicate blepharitis or meibomian gland dysfunction. Interim management includes warm compresses, lid hygiene, and artificial tears. If symptoms persist or if there are underlying medical conditions, referral to an ophthalmologist is recommended. Immediate referral is necessary if there are any sudden and severe symptoms.

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The two most common symptoms of hepatitis are fatigue and jaundice. Fatigue is a feeling of extreme tiredness, while jaundice causes yellowing of the skin and eyes due to a buildup of bilirubin in the body.

Hepatitis is a condition that causes inflammation of the liver. The liver is responsible for filtering blood, processing nutrients, and removing waste products from the body. When the liver becomes inflamed, it can't function properly, which can lead to a range of symptoms. Fatigue is a common symptom of hepatitis because the liver plays a key role in energy metabolism. When the liver is inflamed, it can't produce energy as efficiently, leading to feelings of tiredness and weakness. Jaundice is another common symptom of hepatitis because the liver plays a crucial role in processing bilirubin, a waste product produced by the breakdown of red blood cells. When the liver is inflamed, it can't process bilirubin properly, leading to a buildup in the body that causes yellowing of the skin and eyes. Other symptoms of hepatitis can include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite.

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A. High-velocity penetrating trauma is typically associated with cavitation.

Cavitation is the formation of a temporary cavity in tissue due to the passage of a high-velocity projectile, such as a bullet.

High-velocity of the projectile causes a shock wave that creates a temporary cavity in the surrounding tissue, which then collapses and creates further tissue damage. In summary, cavitation is a term associated with high-velocity penetrating trauma.

Cavitation is typically associated with A. High-velocity penetrating trauma.
This temporary cavity can cause significant damage to the surrounding tissues, resulting in a more severe injury than the original entry wound.

Hence, High-velocity penetrating trauma is the type of trauma commonly linked with cavitation, which can lead to extensive tissue damage.

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The auxiliary label that would be appropriate to apply on a Fosamax prescription would be "Take on an empty stomach." Fosamax is a medication used to treat and prevent osteoporosis by increasing bone density.

It is recommended to take Fosamax on an empty stomach, at least 30 minutes before the first food or beverage of the day, as it can be less effective when taken with food. It is also important to avoid lying down for at least 30 minutes after taking Fosamax to prevent irritation of the esophagus.

Therefore, the auxiliary label "Take on an empty stomach" would be essential to remind the patient of this important instruction and ensure the medication is taken properly for optimal efficacy. The other auxiliary labels, such as "For topical use only.

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The target areas for prevention of disease in children primarily involve focusing on four key aspects: sanitation, nutrition, immunization, and education (SNIE).

1. Sanitation: Proper hygiene practices, such as handwashing, safe waste disposal, and maintaining clean environments, can significantly reduce the spread of infectious diseases among children. Ensuring access to clean water and promoting good sanitation habits play a crucial role in disease prevention.

2. Nutrition: A balanced and nutritious diet is essential for a child's overall health and immune system. Proper nutrition helps in preventing malnutrition, which makes children more susceptible to infections. Encouraging a variety of nutrient-rich foods, as well as promoting breastfeeding for infants, are effective strategies for maintaining children's health.

3. Immunization: Vaccination programs play a vital role in preventing various diseases in children. Ensuring that children receive age-appropriate vaccines, such as measles, polio, and hepatitis B, can protect them from life-threatening illnesses and contribute to overall public health.

4. Education: Educating children, parents, and caregivers on disease prevention measures, healthy habits, and the importance of regular medical check-ups promotes a proactive approach to maintaining children's health. Knowledge about disease prevention empowers communities to make informed decisions and take preventive actions to safeguard children's well-being.

By addressing these four SNIE components, we can effectively work towards preventing diseases and ensuring a healthy future for children.

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Based on the provided information, the 30-year-old female patient presents with watery diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and bloating. These symptoms worsen upon milk ingestion and improve with fasting. A possible diagnosis for this patient could be lactose intolerance.

Lactose intolerance is a common digestive disorder where the body is unable to fully digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. This is due to a deficiency in lactase, an enzyme that breaks down lactose. When lactose is not properly broken down, it can lead to gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramping, and bloating.
The patient's symptoms being aggravated by milk ingestion supports this diagnosis, as lactose intolerance often manifests upon consuming lactose-containing foods. Additionally, the relief experienced during fasting suggests that the issue is diet-related.

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Answer:

Because HCV represent a significant burden for patients with hemophilia and hemolytic disorders and those are high risk should be screened

The presence of bacterial vaginosis (BV) may decrease the likelihood of getting other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), but the exact relationship is not well understood.

Bacterial vaginosis is a common condition in which the normal balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted, leading to an overgrowth of harmful bacteria. While BV itself is not considered a sexually transmitted infection, it is often associated with sexual activity and can increase the risk of acquiring certain STIs, such as chlamydia and gonorrhea. However, some studies suggest that the presence of BV may actually be associated with a decreased risk of other STIs, such as HIV. The exact mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood, but it is thought that changes in the vaginal microbiome associated with BV may create an environment that is less conducive to the growth and transmission of other pathogens.It is important to note, however, that the presence of BV still carries its own health risks, such as an increased risk of preterm birth and pelvic inflammatory disease.

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The future enhancement of EMS is strongly dependent on: A) the ability to outline the logistics affecting research.

In this context, enhancement refers to improving the overall effectiveness and efficiency of Emergency Medical Services (EMS). A crucial aspect of this improvement process is understanding and addressing the logistics that impact research, such as resource allocation, transportation, and communication.

By effectively outlining these logistics, EMS can better identify areas for growth and implement targeted strategies to enhance patient care and overall performance.

Patient consent procedures are also important, but they are just one aspect of the logistical challenges that must be overcome to conduct meaningful research in the field of EMS.

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Disuse of joint results in a decreased range of motion. When a joint is not used or moved regularly, the muscles surrounding the joint become weak and stiff, and the ligaments and tendons become less flexible.

This leads to a limited range of motion, making it difficult to move the joint freely. Disuse can occur due to injury, surgery, or simply not using the joint for an extended period of time. Physical therapy and exercise can help to improve the range of motion and prevent further deterioration of the joint. Swelling of tissues surrounding the joint results in a decreased range of motion. Swelling can occur due to injury, inflammation, or infection. When tissues surrounding a joint become swollen, they can press on the joint and limit its movement. Swelling can also lead to stiffness and pain, making it difficult to move the joint.

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The patient is a 70-year-old female with a history of CHF and atrial fibrillation, who is experiencing acute onset of severe, crampy abdominal pain, vomiting, and a massive dark bowel movement.

The pain is out of proportion to the exam. The most likely diagnosis for this patient is mesenteric ischemia. Mesenteric ischemia occurs when there is a lack of blood flow to the intestines, leading to insufficient oxygen supply. In this case, the patient's history of CHF and atrial fibrillation, along with her use of digitalis, are risk factors for developing this condition.

  The severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and dark bowel movement (potentially melena, indicating gastrointestinal bleeding) are consistent with this diagnosis. It's important for the patient to seek immediate medical attention for proper evaluation and treatment.

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The use of both St. John's wort and SSRIs can have a potentially dangerous interaction, leading to serotonin syndrome.

St. John's wort is an herbal supplement commonly used to treat mild-to-moderate depression. However, it can interact with other medications, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which are a type of antidepressant medication. When taken together, the combination of St. John's wort and SSRIs can lead to an excessive accumulation of serotonin in the brain, a condition known as serotonin syndrome. Symptoms of serotonin syndrome can range from mild to severe and may include agitation, confusion, rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, muscle rigidity, and seizures. If left untreated, serotonin syndrome can be life-threatening. Therefore, it is important to inform your healthcare provider of any supplements or medications you are taking to avoid potentially dangerous interactions.

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True, the quality of caregiver input may differ for children who are hard of hearing (HH) compared to children with normal hearing (NH).

Caregivers may need to make adjustments in their communication style to ensure that the child with HH is able to hear and understand them effectively. This may include speaking more clearly and slowly, using visual aids or gestures, and facing the child directly. These adjustments can enhance the quality of communication for children with HH and help them to develop language and communication skills on par with their NH peers.

True. The quality of caregiver input can differ for children who are hard of hearing (HH) compared to children with normal hearing (NH). This is because caregivers may need to use different communication strategies, such as visual cues or sign language, to effectively engage with and support the development of HH children.

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The diagnosis is a myocardial infarction, also known as a heart attack.

A myocardial infarction (MI) is a medical emergency that occurs when there is a blockage in one or more of the coronary arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle. This can result in damage or death of the heart muscle cells, leading to chest pain or discomfort, shortness of breath, sweating, and other symptoms. Risk factors for MI include hypertension (high blood pressure), hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol), smoking, diabetes, and a family history of heart disease. Prompt medical treatment is essential to limit the damage to the heart muscle and prevent complications. Treatment may include medications to relieve pain and reduce blood clotting, and procedures such as angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery to restore blood flow to the affected area of the heart.

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The differential diagnosis of a young man c/o seeing strange writing on the wall would include various possibilities. First, it could be a symptom of a psychotic disorder such as schizophrenia, in which an individual experiences hallucinations and delusions.

Another possibility could be a side effect of substance use, such as hallucinogenic drugs. It could also be related to an organic condition such as epilepsy, migraines, or a brain tumor. Furthermore, it could be a manifestation of a sleep disorder such as narcolepsy or sleep deprivation. Finally, it could be related to a mood disorder such as depression or bipolar disorder, which can involve psychotic symptoms.

In order to narrow down the possible diagnoses, a thorough medical and psychiatric evaluation is necessary. The evaluation may include a physical exam, neurological testing, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. A psychiatric assessment may also include a mental status exam and evaluation of the patient's family history of mental illness. The differential diagnosis is important in determining the appropriate treatment plan for the patient.

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The correct answer is c. Working. This phase involves the nurse and client working together towards achieving the client's goals, including understanding and coping with behaviors during stressful situations. Orientation is the initial phase where the nurse and client get to know each other, pre-interaction is before any therapeutic communication has taken place, and termination is the ending phase of the relationship.

In a therapeutic relationship, the nurse and client discussing the client's progress towards understanding their behaviors during stressful situations is typical of the Working phase. This phase involves addressing and working through issues, setting goals, and evaluating progress. Orientation and Pre-interaction phases involve establishing rapport and preparing for the therapeutic relationship, while the Termination phase focuses on ending the relationship and evaluating its success.

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Thorough diagnostic workup will be performed to identify the cause of the young lady's intermittent abdominal pain and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

The diagnostic workup for a young lady with many years of intermittent abdominal pain should include the following steps:

1. Obtain a detailed medical history: Gather information on the patient's past medical history, family history, and any relevant factors that may contribute to the abdominal pain.

2. Conduct a physical examination: Assess the patient's general appearance, abdomen for tenderness or masses, and any other signs related to abdominal pain.

3. Perform laboratory tests: Order blood tests (e.g., complete blood count, liver function tests, electrolytes) and urine tests (e.g., urinalysis) to evaluate for potential underlying conditions.

4. Use imaging studies: Depending on the clinical findings, imaging studies such as abdominal ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI may be ordered to identify any abnormalities or causes for the pain.

5. Consider endoscopic procedures: If necessary, endoscopy (e.g., upper endoscopy or colonoscopy) can be used to further evaluate the gastrointestinal tract.

6. Consult specialists: If the cause of abdominal pain remains unclear, consult a gastroenterologist or other relevant specialists for further evaluation and management.

By following these steps, a thorough diagnostic workup will be performed to identify the cause of the young lady's intermittent abdominal pain and develop an appropriate treatment plan.

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Answer:

relay races,

Explanation:

Some of the team events in athletics include relay races, competitions with a single event that rank all the competitors from a given team who compete in it (e.g. the IAAF World Cross Country Championships team prize), and competitions with multiple events where the teams are ranked by combining the ranking or performance of each team’s representative.

Therefore relay races is the correct answer

Is there anything else I can help you with?

athletics are the

Events in Athletics : Track and FieldTable of Contents

(1). Events in Athletics : Track and Field

1.Track Events

i. Sprints

ii. Middle Distance

iii. Long Distance

vi. Relay Races

v. Hurdling

2. Jump Events

i. Long Jump

ii.Triple Jump

iii. High Jump

vi. Pole Vault

3.Throw Events

i. Discus Throw

ii. Javelin Throw

iii. Hammer Throw

(2). Events in Athletics : Combined Events

(3). Road Running

(4). Cross Country Running

(5). Race Walking

Athletics is a wide collection of sporting events that is comprised of different physical activities like walking, jumping, running and throwing. It is one of the most common sports played all around the world due to its lack of need for expensive equipment. Athletics generally accounts individual player performances or a team performance calculated by adding different individual performances. It is a part of the Olympics since its inception in 1896. International Athletic Events are overseen by International Association of Athletics Federations