Why does intermolecular force exists between particles

Answers

Answer 1
Intermolecular forces exist between particles because all particles, whether they are atoms, molecules, or ions, have electric charges. These charges can create attractive or repulsive forces between particles, depending on their relative positions and charges. Intermolecular forces are responsible for many of the physical properties of matter, such as boiling point, melting point, viscosity, and surface tension. They play a crucial role in determining the behavior of liquids and solids, and they are essential to many chemical reactions and biological processes.

Related Questions

A 2.26 gg lead weight, initially at 11.1 ∘C∘C, is submerged in 7.45 gg of water at 52.2 ∘C∘C in an insulated container.

Answers

Answer:

The temperature of the water and lead weight is 31.0°C.

Explanation:

To solve this problem, we can use the formula:

q = mcΔT

where q is the heat transferred, m is the mass, c is the specific heat, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

First, let's calculate the heat transferred from the water to the lead weight:

q1 = mcΔT = (7.45 g)(4.184 J/g°C)(52.2°C - T) where T is the final temperature of the water and lead weight

q2 = mcΔT = (2.26 g)(0.128 J/g°C)(T - 11.1°C)

Since the container is insulated, the heat transferred from the water to the lead weight is equal to the heat transferred from the lead weight to the water:

q1 = q2

(7.45 g)(4.184 J/g°C)(52.2°C - T) = (2.26 g)(0.128 J/g°C)(T - 11.1°C)

Simplifying and solving for T:

T = 31.0°C

Therefore, the final temperature of the water and lead weight is 31.0°C.

1b. Suppose that you were titrating a 100 mL acid solution with the 0.1 M NaOH solution that you made. You performed the titration multiple times and obtained the data below. Complete the data table below. Show work on a separate piece of paper/ the back of this paper.

Step 1: Write and balance the chemical equation (only need to do this once for each titration)
Step 2: Use the molarity and mL of base used to find the moles of base it took to neutralize the acid
Step 3: Calculate moles of acid neutralized
Step 4: Calculate molarity of acid
Step 5: Calculate pH

1c. Calculate the most likely pH of the acid solution by finding the average of all the pH's you found in each of your multiple titrations. We find the average to minimize human errors made while titrating.

Answers

The moles of NaOH used is 0.0008 moles

The molarity of the acid  is 0.008 M

What is the molarity of the acid?

The molarity of the acid is found as follows:

Moles of NaOH used = concentration of NaOH × volume of NaOH used

the average volume of NaOH used = 8.0 mL

moles of NaOH = 0.1 M × 8.0 mL

moles of NaOH = 0.0008 moles

Molarity of acid:

Assuming the acid is monobasic, the mole ratio of acid to base is 1 : 1

The volume of acid used is 100 mL

The molarity of acid = moles of acid / volume of acid in liters

The molarity of acid = 0.0008 moles / 0.1 L

The molarity of acid  = 0.008 M

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In the following reaction, what quantity in moles of CH₃OH are required to give off 6106 kJ of heat?
2 CH₃OH (l) + 3 O₂ (g) → 2 CO₂ (g) + 4 H₂O(g) ∆H° = -1280. kJ

Answers

To generate 6106 kJ of heat, 9.5 moles of CH₃OH are required.

The given reaction releases -1280 kJ of heat. We need to find how many moles of CH₃OH are required to release 6106 kJ of heat.

From the given balanced equation, we know that 2 moles of CH₃OH releases 1280 kJ of heat.

Therefore, 1 mole of CH₃OH will release 1280 kJ / 2 = 640 kJ of heat.

To release 6106 kJ of heat, we can use the following proportion:

2 moles CH₃OH / 1280 kJ = x moles CH₃OH / 6106 kJ

Solving for x, we get:

x = (2 moles CH₃OH x 6106 kJ) / 1280 kJ = 9.5 moles CH₃OH

Therefore, 9.5 moles of CH₃OH are required to release 6106 kJ of heat.

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The numerical value of the equilibrium constant, Kc, for the following reaction is 1.7×102. If the equilibrium mixture contains 0.21 M H2 and 0.015 M N2, what is the molar concentration of NH3?
3H2(g)+N2(g)⇌2NH3(g)

Answers

The molar concentration of NH₃ is 0.17 M.

The equilibrium constant expression for the given reaction is:

Kc = [NH₃]² / ([H₂]³[N₂])

We are given Kc = 1.7 × 10² and the molar concentrations of H₂ and N₂ in the equilibrium mixture as 0.21 M and 0.015 M, respectively. Let x be the molar concentration of NH₃ at equilibrium. Then, we can write:

Kc = (x)² / (0.21)³(0.015)1.7 × 10² = x² / 1.84 × 10⁻⁶x² = 3.128 × 10⁻⁴

x = 0.017 M or 0.17 M (since there are two NH₃ molecules produced for every three H₂ molecules consumed, we take the square root of the calculated value to get the molar concentration of NH₃)

Therefore, the molar concentration of NH₃ in the equilibrium mixture is 0.17 M.

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.453 mop of a gas confined to a 15.0 L container exerts a pressure at 125.6 kPa on the walls of the container. What is the temperature of the gas?

Answers

The temperature of the gas can be gotten from the ideal gas equation as 229.7°C.

What is the ideal gas law?

PV = nRT

where:

P is the pressure of the gas in units of pascals (Pa)

V is the volume of the gas in units of cubic meters (m³)

n is the amount of substance of the gas in units of moles (mol)

R is the ideal gas constant with a value of 8.314 J/(mol·K)

T is the absolute temperature of the gas in units of kelvins (K)

We know that;

PV = nRT

Then;

T = PV/nR

T = ?

P = 125.6 kPa or 1.24 atm

n = 0.453 moles

R = 0.082 atmL/K-1mol-1

Then;

T = 1.24  * 15/0.082 * 0.453

= 18.6/0.037

= 502.7 K or 229.7°C

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Magnesium (Mg) has nine electrons. Which of the following shows the correct electron configuration for an atom of Mg? 1, 8

Answers

The correct electron configuration for an atom of Magnesium (Mg) is 2, 7.

What is electron configuration?

The distribution of electrons among an atom's or ion's energy levels and sublevels is referred to as electron configuration. It outlines how electrons are grouped in numerous shells and subshells surrounding an atom's nucleus.

The electron configuration is frequently expressed in shell and subshell notation, such as 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p², where the numbers represent the energy level or shell and the letters s, p, d, and f represent the sublevels or orbitals inside each shell.

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Ice actually has negative caloric content. How much energy, in each of the following units, does your body lose from eating (and therefore melting) 70 g
of ice? Heat of fusion for water is 6.02 kJ/mol
.

Answers

When ice melts, it absorbs heat from its surroundings without increasing in temperature. This is because the energy is used to break the intermolecular bonds between the water molecules in the ice. The amount of energy required to melt one mole of a substance is called the heat of fusion.

The heat of fusion for water is 6.02 kJ/mol. This means that it takes 6.02 kJ of energy to melt one mole of ice. To calculate the amount of energy required to melt 70 g of ice, we need to convert the mass to moles:

n = m / M

where n is the number of moles, m is the mass, and M is the molar mass. The molar mass of water is 18.02 g/mol:

n = 70 g / 18.02 g/mol = 3.88 mol

The amount of energy required to melt 3.88 mol of ice is:

Q = n x ΔHfus

where Q is the amount of energy, ΔHfus is the heat of fusion. Substituting the values:

Q = 3.88 mol x 6.02 kJ/mol = 23.3 kJ

Therefore, the amount of energy that your body loses from eating (and melting) 70 g of ice is 23.3 kJ.

Please help 100 points can be made. And first answer would be marked brainiest.

Write what you know about chemical reactions in living things.

Answers

Answer:

Chemical reactions in living things are the chemical processes that occur within living organisms to maintain their biological functions. These reactions are essential for metabolism, growth, reproduction, and response to stimuli. They involve the conversion of one or more substances into new substances with different physical and chemical properties.

Some examples of chemical reactions in living things include:

Cellular respiration: the process by which cells convert nutrients into energy in the form of ATP. This process involves the oxidation of glucose to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.

Photosynthesis: the process by which plants and other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process involves the conversion of carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Digestion: the process by which food is broken down into simpler substances that can be absorbed and used by the body. This process involves the hydrolysis of complex carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids into simpler molecules such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids.

DNA replication: the process by which cells make copies of their DNA before cell division. This process involves the synthesis of new strands of DNA from existing strands.

Chemical reactions in living things are regulated by enzymes, which are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required for the reaction to occur. Enzymes are specific to particular substrates and are critical for the proper functioning of metabolic pathways. Any disruption in these chemical reactions can lead to metabolic disorders and diseases.

Explanation:

Assuming that ground water flow does follow the contours of the land, is it possible that there are two sources of contamination? What would you expect to find if all three companies had leaking storage tanks and were actual sources of contamination?o

Answers

If ground water flow follows the contours of the land, it is possible that there are two sources of contamination.

This can occur if there are multiple locations of contamination that are not connected through the flow of groundwater. For example, if two companies had leaking storage tanks on opposite sides of a hill, the contaminants from each site could flow in different directions and not mix with each other.

If all three companies had leaking storage tanks and were actual sources of contamination, we would expect to find that the groundwater near each company contained contaminants associated with that company's stored chemicals. The contaminants may be different for each company, depending on the type of chemicals stored.

However, if the contamination has been ongoing for a long time, the chemicals may have mixed together in the groundwater, making it difficult to identify the specific source of contamination for each chemical. In this case, further investigation would be needed to determine the specific sources and extent of contamination from each company.

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8. Base your answer to the following question on the equation below.
2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H₂O()+571.6 kJ
Identify the information in this equation that indicates the reaction is exothermic.

Answers

The positive value of 571.6 kJwhich is the enthalpy change tells us that it is exothermic

What is an exothermic reaction?

When energy is released into the surrounding area during a chemical reaction, it's considered an exothermic reaction with ΔH < 0. Conversely, endothermic reactions result from heat absorption with ΔH > 0.

The provided equation's positive value of 571.6 kJ reveals that heat is pouring out of the reaction, causing negative changes in enthalpy and firmly placing this chemical event as exothermic in nature.

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Does anyone have the Labs: Acid and Bases, lab report. I will give brainliest.

Answers

A variety of lichen was used to create the natural acid-base indicator known as litmus.

Since we can't taste everything to determine if it constitutes an acid or a base, litmus paper is essentially an indicator that is used to differentiate acids from bases. It is also known as an acid-base indicator since it can detect the presence of either a base or an acid in a solution.

Litmus is combined with wood cellulose paper to create a litmus paper. The lichen plants that are used to make the purple dye known as litmus are classified as members of the Thallophyta division. A variety of lichen was used to create the natural acid-base indicator known as litmus. You can determine whether a variety of solutions are bases or acids by testing them with red and blue coloured litmus paper.

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20. Using the equilibrium expression from Question #19 and based upon the value of K, would you expect there to be more or less product in the equilibrium mixture? Explain why.

Answers

The value of K is given as 2344 thus more products are obtained at equilibrium since the equilibrium constant is very large.

The equilibrium constant ( K ) is equal to the rate constant for the forward reaction divided by the rate constant for the reverse reaction.

The balanced equation is -

CaO(s) + CH₄(g) + 2H₂O(g) —> CaCO₃(s) + 4H₂(g)

K = [CaCO₃] [H₂]⁴ / [CaO] [CH₄] [H₂O]²

Since the value of K = 2344, which is large, more of products will be formed in the reaction.

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Find the critical​ value(s) and rejection​ region(s) for the indicated​ t-test, level of significance ​, aand sample size n.
right​-tailed ​test, ​a= 0.10, n=9 The critical value is

Answers

The critical value of the indicated​ t-test is 1.397

t > 1.397 is the rejectionregion.

How to find critical value and rejection​ region?

A t-distribution table or calculator is required to calculate the critical value for a right-tailed t-test with a significance level of 0.10 and a sample size of 9. The critical value is 1.397 when using a t-distribution table with 8 degrees of freedom (n - 1 = 9 - 1 = 8) and a significance level of 0.10.

t > 1.397 is the rejection zone for a right-tailed t-test with a significance level of 0.10 and a sample size of 9. In other words, if the estimated t-value is bigger than 1.397, the null hypothesis may be rejected.

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105.0 mL of alcohol is dissolved in water and the solution is diluted to a
total final volume of 250 mL. What is the final concentration of ethanol?

Answers

105.0 mL of alcohol is dissolved in water and the solution is diluted to a total final volume of 250 mL the final concentration of ethanol in the solution is 0.00722 M.

To calculate the final concentration of ethanol in the solution, we need to know the amount of ethanol present in the solution before and after dilution. We can use the following formula to calculate the final concentration:

Cfinal = Cinitial x (Vinitial / Vfinal)

where Cinitial is the initial concentration of ethanol, Vinitial is the initial volume of the solution, Vfinal is the final volume of the solution, and Cfinal is the final concentration of ethanol.

First, let's find the initial concentration of ethanol in the solution. We know that 105.0 mL of alcohol is dissolved in water, but we don't know the concentration of the alcohol.

Let's assume that the alcohol is pure ethanol (which is not always the case in reality), which has a density of 0.789 g/mL at room temperature. Therefore, the mass of ethanol in 105.0 mL of alcohol is:

mass of ethanol = volume of alcohol x density of ethanol

= 105.0 mL x 0.789 g/mL

= 82.845 g

The molar mass of ethanol is 46.07 g/mol, so the number of moles of ethanol in 82.845 g of ethanol is:

moles of ethanol = mass of ethanol / molar mass of ethanol

= 82.845 g / 46.07 g/mol

= 1.797 mol

The initial volume of the solution is 105.0 mL, so the initial concentration of ethanol is:

Cinitial = moles of ethanol / initial volume of solution

= 1.797 mol / 105.0 mL

= 0.0171 M

Now, let's calculate the final concentration of ethanol. We know that the final volume of the solution is 250 mL. Using the formula above, we get:

Cfinal = Cinitial x (Vinitial / Vfinal)

= 0.0171 M x (105.0 mL / 250 mL)

= 0.00722 M

Therefore, the final concentration of ethanol in the solution is 0.00722 M.

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What is the density (in g/L) of CO2 in a 5.20 L tank at 760.0 torr and 39.0°C .

Answers

The tank's CO₂ density is 1.84 g/L.

How to calculate density?

Use the ideal gas law to solve for the density of CO₂:

PV = nRT

where:

P = pressure = 760.0 torr

V = volume = 5.20 L

n = moles of CO2 (we don't know this yet)

R = gas constant = 0.08206 L·atm/K·mol

T = temperature = 39.0°C + 273.15 = 312.15 K

First, convert torr to atm:

760.0 torr ÷ 760 torr/atm = 1 atm

Rearrange the ideal gas law to solve for n:

n = PV/RT

n = (1 atm)(5.20 L)/(0.08206 L·atm/K·mol)(312.15 K)

n = 0.217 mol

Use the mass of CO₂ and the volume of the tank to find the density:

mass = n × molar mass

mass = 0.217 mol × 44.01 g/mol

mass = 9.57 g

density = mass/volume

density = 9.57 g/5.20 L

density = 1.84 g/L

Therefore, the density of CO₂ in the tank is 1.84 g/L.

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I just need # 6,8 and 12 pls

Answers

6. 1 [tex]SO_{3}[/tex] + 1 [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] --> 1 [tex]H_{2} SO_{4}[/tex]

8. 1 [tex]K_{2}O[/tex] + 1 [tex]H_{2}O[/tex] --> 2 KOH

12. 1 [tex]CdSO_{4}[/tex] + 1 [tex]H_{2} S[/tex] --> 1 CdS + 1 [tex]H_{2} SO_{4}[/tex]

Can anyone please name this compound?

Answers

Answer:

Fluorobenzene

Explanation: Fluorobenzene is an organic compound, which is a derivative of benzene. It has a fluorine atom attached to one of the carbon atoms in the benzene ring. It appears as a colorless liquid and has a slightly sweet odor. Fluorobenzene is used as a solvent and catalyst in various chemical reactions. It is also used in the production of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Due to its high solubility in water, it can contaminate groundwater and pose a risk to human health and the environment.

What mass in grams of oxygen gas are produced when 2.43 x 10-4 g of KCIO,
are completely reacted according to the following chemical equation:
2 KCIO₂ (s) → 2 KCI (s) + 3 0₂(g)

Answers

To solve this problem, we need to use stoichiometry and the molar mass of KCIO4 and O2.

The balanced chemical equation shows that 2 moles of KCIO4 produce 3 moles of O2. Therefore, we can write a ratio of the moles of KCIO4 to moles of O2 as:

2 moles KCIO4 / 3 moles O2

We can use the molar mass of KCIO4 to convert the given mass of KCIO4 to moles:

2.43 x 10^-4 g KCIO4 x (1 mol KCIO4/ 391.28 g KCIO4) = 6.20 x 10^-7 mol KCIO4

Using the mole ratio, we can calculate the number of moles of O2 produced:

6.20 x 10^-7 mol KCIO4 x (3 moles O2 / 2 moles KCIO4) = 9.30 x 10^-7 mol O2

Finally, we can use the molar mass of O2 to convert the number of moles to mass in grams:

9.30 x 10^-7 mol O2 x (32.00 g O2 / 1 mol O2) = 2.98 x 10^-5 g O2

Therefore, the mass of O2 produced is 2.98 x 10^-5 g.

Exoplanets are usually....
O big, bright and close to the sun.
O gigantic, fireballs that are close to the sun.
O not a planet.
O small, dark, and far from the sun.

Answers

Exoplanets are usually gigantic, fireballs that are close to the sun. Therefore, the correct option is option B.

Any planet outside of our solar system is an exoplanet. The majority of exoplanets orbit other stars, while rogue planets—free-floating exoplanets that are unattached to any star—orbit the galactic centre.

The majority of the exoplanets found so far are in the Milky Way, which is a rather tiny area of our galaxy. The Kepler Space Telescope of NASA has revealed that the galaxy has more planets than stars. Exoplanets are usually gigantic, fireballs that are close to the sun.

Therefore, the correct option is option B.

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A scientist has a 2-gram sample of a radioactive element. It has a half-life of 1 hour. How much of the sample will decay in one hour?​

Answers

The amount of the sample that has decayed in one hour is 1 grams

How do I determine the amount that will decay in one hour?

First, we must obtain the number of half lives that has elapsed after one hour. This is shown below:

Half-life (t½) = 1 hourTime (t) = 1 hourNumber of half-lives (n) =?

n = t / t½

n = 1 / 1

n = 1

Finally, we shall determine the amount remaining after 1 hour. Details below:

Original percentage (N₀) = 2 gramsNumber of half-lives (n) = 1Amount remaining (N) = ?

N = N₀ / 2ⁿ

N = 2 / 2¹

N = 2 / 2

N = 1

Finally, we shall obtain the amount that has decayed in one hour. Details below:

Original percentage (N₀) = 2 gramsAmount remaining (N) = 1 gramAmount that decay =?

Amount that decay = N₀ - N

Amount that decay = 2 - 1

Amount that decay = 1 gram

Thus, the amount that has decayed in one hour is 1 grams

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Read the passage and answer the question.
In 2000, when paleontologist Paul Sereno led an expedition into Ténéré desert in Niger looking for the fossils of dinosaurs and ancient crocodiles, the photographer Mike Hettwer wandered away from the group to take pictures of some dunes near the main dig site. The photographer quickly found bones sticking out of the dunes, but they were human bones, not the prehistoric reptile bones the group had been looking for. However, the group was not going to pass up such an amazing discovery.
During the site excavation, the paleontologists found dozens of gravesites. Some of them held skeletal remains and potsherds with wavy lines etched in them. The scientists named this group the Kiffians. The others held skeletal remains that indicated a taller group of people, and their potsherds were decorated with patterns of dots. The scientists named this group the Tenerians. The graves also contained tools and beads made from stones or bones, as well as refuse heaps containing the bones of the animals the people living in the area had consumed. Some of the graves didn't contain any pottery so it was a mystery which group they belonged to. It was also not known when these people lived in the desert or how they survived.
The carbon-14 dating revealed that the Kiffians lived in the area around 9,700 years ago, and then the area was abandoned until the Tenerians lived in the area 7,000 years ago. The scientists want to reconstruct what the land looked like when it was inhabited, as well as understand why there was about a 2,000-year-gap during which nobody lived in the area.
The scientists hypothesize that the two civilizations lived around a lake that dried up during periods of drought and then eventually reformed. The changing lake led people to move, depending on if they had a water source or not.
How can scientists use radiometric dating to reconstruct the geologic history of the area to support or reject their hypothesis of a disappearing and reappearing lake? What is a tool that scientists can use to ensure that their radiometric dating is accurate?

Answers

Answer & Explanation:

Scientists can use radiometric dating to reconstruct the geologic history of the area and support or reject their hypothesis of a disappearing and reappearing lake by analyzing the sediments and other geological features present in the area. Radiometric dating, such as carbon-14 dating, can determine the age of the sediments, fossilized remains, and other materials. By analyzing the age and composition of these materials, scientists can track changes in the environment over time, including periods of drought or increased precipitation that could cause a lake to dry up or reform.

To ensure the accuracy of their radiometric dating, scientists can use calibration methods, such as cross-dating with other dating techniques like dendrochronology (tree-ring dating), or comparing their results with well-dated samples from similar or nearby environments. This can help validate the radiometric dating results and provide more confidence in the reconstructed geologic history and any conclusions drawn from it regarding the presence or absence of a lake in the area at different times.

PROBLEM 19.12 Draw the structure of a triacylglycerol that fits each description: a. a saturated triacylglycerol formed from three 12-carbon fatty acids b. an unsaturated triacylglycerol that contains three cis double bonds c. a trans triacylglycerol that contains a trans double bond in each hydrocarbon chain​

Answers

a. A saturated triacylglycerol formed from three 12-carbon fatty acids would have three identical 12-carbon saturated fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone.

b. An unsaturated triacylglycerol that contains three cis double bonds would have three different unsaturated fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone. Each fatty acid would contain a cis double bond.

c. A trans triacylglycerol that contains a trans double bond in each hydrocarbon chain would have three different trans fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone. Each fatty acid would contain a trans double bond.

How is the kinetic energy of the particles of a substance affected during a phase change?

• Kinetic energy increases during exothermic changes and decreases during endothermic changes.
• Kinetic energy decreases during exothermic changes and increases during endothermic changes.
• Kinetic energy does not change, but the potential energy does.
• Kinetic energy changes in the opposite way that the potential energy changes.

Answers

The kinetic energy of the particles of a substance affected during a phase change is Kinetic energy does not change, but the potential energy does.

What is phase change?

A phase change  can be described as the physical process  whereby the substance can be transformed from one phase to another.

It should be noted that the change do take place in a case whereby  you are adding  as well as removing heat  which can be considered as  melting point or the boiling point of the substance and this can be understood using phase change.

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0.152 mol of sucrose in 602 mL of solution

Answers

Answer:

To convert from moles to molarity, we need to divide the number of moles of solute by the volume of solution in liters.

First, we need to convert the volume of solution from milliliters to liters:

602 mL = 0.602 L

Now, we can calculate the molarity:

Molarity = moles of solute / liters of solution

Molarity = 0.152 mol / 0.602 L

Molarity = 0.252 M

Therefore, the molarity of the sucrose solution is 0.252 M.

Explanation:

We've figured out what part of the salt causes the flame to change color, so now let's measure the wavelengths created with four metals.

Use the ruler under the "tools" icon in the upper right of the video player to measure the wavelengths of light released by each compound.

Answers

Around 450 nm is the wavelength of the spectral line for potassium chloride. The distance among identical spots between two succeeding waves is known as the wavelength.

The distance among identical spots between two succeeding waves is known as the wavelength, which is a feature of waves. The wavelength of a wave is the distance across one wave's peak (or trough) and the next. In mathematics, the Greek symbol lambda () is used to denote wavelength. The colour of light is determined by its wavelength, and the pitch of sound is determined by its wavelength. Around 450 nm is the wavelength of the spectral line for potassium chloride.

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Question 2 of 10
You read a primary source and a secondary source that discuss the same
experiment. There is a difference in the conclusions made by these two
sources. Which should you trust more, and why?
OA. The primary source, because it was written by the researcher
OB. The primary source, because it contains more charts
OC. The secondary source, because it was printed on paper
OD. The secondary source, because it is easier to understand
SUBMIT

Answers

It is the primary source which helps the students to relate in a personal way to events of the past and promote a deeper understanding of history as a series of human events. The primary source is better, because it contains more charts. The correct option is B.

The sources which are closest to the origin of the information and contain raw information which must be interpreted by the researches are called the primary sources. The secondary sources are closely related to the primary sources and often interpret them.

A direct access to the subject of our research is given by the primary source whereas the secondary source provides only second hand information and comments of other researches.

Thus the correct option is B.

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The gas pressure in a can is 2.5 atm at 25 °C. Assuming that the gas obeys the ideal-gas equation, what is the pressure (in atm) when the can is heated to 525 °C?

Answers

The concept combined gas law is used here to determine the new pressure of the gas. This law states that the ratio between the product of pressure-volume and temperature of a system remains constant.

The combined gas law is the combination of Boyle's law, Charles's law and the Avogadro's law. These laws relate one thermodynamic variable to another holding everything else constant.

Here volume is constant, so the equation is:

P₁ / T₁ = P₂ / T₂

T₁  = 298 K

T₂ = 798 K

Pressure is:

P₂ = P₁ T₂/T₁

P₂= 2.5 × 798 / 298

P₂ = 6.69 atm

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The activation energy, Ea, for a particular reaction is 37.8 kJ/mol. If the rate constant at 280 K is 0.178 M/s, then what is the value of the rate constant at 381 K? (R = 8.314 J/mol • K)

Answers

The rate constant that we have at 381 K will be 2.19 M/s.

What is the Arrhenius equation?

The Arrhenius equation suggests that the rate of a reaction increases with temperature, because higher temperatures provide more kinetic energy to the reactant molecules, making them more likely to react.

By the use of the Arrhenius equation, we have that;

ln k2/k1 = -Ea/R(1/T2 - 1/T1)

ln k2/0.178 = -37.8 * 10^3/8.314 (1/381 - 1/280)

ln k2/0.178 = - 4647 * (2.62 - 3.57) * 10^-3

lnK2 = 0.786

k2 =e^0.786

k2 = 2.19 M/s

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The Galapagos Islands are a series of islands near the coast of South America. The finches (a type of bird) on the Galapagos look similar to the finches in South America, but the birds on each island have some variations, including unique beak structures. Explain what differences on the islands would have led to this beak structure variation.

Answers

This archipelago and its enormous marine reserve are referred to be a "living museum and showcase of evolution" for their singularity.

Thus, The 127 islands, islets, and rocks that make up the Galapagos archipelago, 19 of which are major and 4 of which are inhabited, are located roughly 1,000 kilometres from the Ecuadorian mainland. In 1959, national parks were established on 7,665,100 ha, or 97% of the entire emergent surface.

On the remaining three percent of the islands, only human habitation is permitted in designated rural and urban zones (the fifth island only includes an airport, a tourist dock, a fuel containment system, and military installations).

The Galapagos Marine Reserve, one of the largest marine reserves in the world, was established in 1986 and expanded to its current area in 1998. It surrounds the islands. Inland waters of the archipelago are also a part of the marine reserve.

Thus, This archipelago and its enormous marine reserve are referred to be a "living museum and showcase of evolution" for their singularity.

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How much energy is required to heat 186 grams of water from 32 degrees Celsius to 90
degrees Celsius?

Answers

The amount of energy required to heat 186 grams of water from 32°C to 90°C can be calculated using the following equation:

q = m × c × ΔT

where q is the amount of energy required, m is the mass of the water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g°C.

The change in temperature is:

ΔT = 90°C - 32°C = 58°C

Substituting these values into the equation gives:

q = (186 g) × (4.18 J/g°C) × (58°C)

q = 44,222.56 J

Therefore, the amount of energy required to heat 186 grams of water from 32°C to 90°C is 44,222.56 J.

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