What is the molarity 10.0g of Cr(NO3)3 in 325 mL of solution

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Explanation:

molar mass Cr(NO3)3 = 238 g/mol

Convert 325 ml to liters:  325 mls x 1 L / 1000 mls = 0.325 L

Convert 10.0 g to moles:  10.0 g x 1 mol / 238 g = 0.0420 moles

Molarity = moles/liters = 0.0420 moles / 0.325 L = 0.129 M (3 sig. figs.)


Related Questions


How much energy is released when 73 grams of water cools from 72 degrees Celsius to
30 degrees Celsius?

Answers

The amount of energy released when 73 grams of water cools from 72°C to 30°C can be calculated using the following equation:

q = m × c × ΔT

where q is the amount of energy released, m is the mass of the water, c is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/g°C.

The change in temperature is:

ΔT = 72°C - 30°C = 42°C

Substituting these values into the equation gives:

q = (73 g) × (4.18 J/g°C) × (42°C)

q = 13,633.32 J

Therefore, the amount of energy released when 73 grams of water cools from 72°C to 30°C is 13,633.32 J.

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how many grams of MgCl2 are contained in 0.50 L kc a 1.5 m solution?

Answers

0.50 L of a 1.5 m solution contains 71.4 grams of MgCl2.

To solve this problem

The equation moles of solute = molarity x volume (in liters) can be used.

When converting to grams, we may use the molar mass of the MgCl2 to determine how many moles there are in the solution.

MgCl2 has a molar mass of roughly 95.21 g/mol.

The volume must first be changed from liters to milliliters:

0.50 L = 500 mL

Next, we may determine how many moles of MgCl2 are present in the solution:

moles of MgCl2 = molarity x volume (in liters)

moles of MgCl2 = 1.5 mol/L x 0.50 L

moles of MgCl2 = 0.75 moles

Finally, we can figure out how much MgCl2 is present in the solution:

mass of MgCl2 = moles of MgCl2 x molar mass

mass of MgCl2 = 0.75 moles x 95.21 g/mol

mass of MgCl2 = 71.4 grams

Therefore, 0.50 L of a 1.5 m solution contains 71.4 grams of MgCl2.

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0.250 mol of KNO3 in 0.835 L of solution

Answers

0.30M is the molarity of the given solution with 0.250 mol and 0.835 L volume of solution

The amount of moles of solute that exist in a specific number of litres of the solution, or moles per litre of a solution, is known as molar concentration or molarity. Solvent, and 'solution' to make it simpler to comprehend the principles that will follow. A homogenous combination with any number of solutes in it is referred to as a solution.

Molarity = number of moles/ volume of solution in liter

Molarity = 0.250/ 0.835

             = 0.30M

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In Activity 2, you tested various compounds for chemical changes. (Barium nitrate, sodium hydroxide, sodium hydrogen carbonate, copper (II) sulfate, potassium iodide, silver nitrate, iron (III) nitrate, and hydrochloric acid.) Write the chemical formulas for each of the reactants.

Answers

The chemical formulas are as follows:

Barium nitrate: Ba(NO₃)₂Sodium hydroxide: NaOHSodium hydrogen carbonate: NaHCO₃Copper (II) sulfate: CuSO₄Potassium iodide: KISilver nitrate: AgNO₃Iron (III) nitrate: Fe(NO₃)₃Hydrochloric acid: HCl

Chemical formulas are shorthand notations used to represent the composition of a substance. In this case, the reactants used in Activity 2 are listed with their chemical formulas.

Barium nitrate is represented by the chemical formula Ba(NO₃)₂, which shows that it contains one barium ion (Ba²⁺) and two nitrate ions (NO₃⁻).

Sodium hydroxide is represented by the chemical formula NaOH, which shows that it contains one sodium ion (Na⁺) and one hydroxide ion (OH⁻).

Sodium hydrogen carbonate is represented by the chemical formula NaHCO₃, which shows that it contains one sodium ion (Na⁺), one hydrogen ion (H⁺), one carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻) and one hydrogen carbonate ion (HCO₃⁻).

Similarly, other reactants are represented by their respective chemical formulas.

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A mixture of gases contains 10.25g of F2, 2.83g of H2, and 5.95g of CO2. If the total pressure of the mixture is 2.75 atm, what is the partial pressure of each component?

Answers

To calculate the partial pressure of each component, we need to use the ideal gas law, which states that:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is the temperature.

We can rearrange this equation to solve for n:

n = PV/RT

We can then use the mass and molar mass of each component to calculate the number of moles:

n(F2) = 10.25 g / 38.00 g/mol = 0.270 mol
n(H2) = 2.83 g / 2.016 g/mol = 1.41 mol
n(CO2) = 5.95 g / 44.01 g/mol = 0.135 mol

The total number of moles is:

n(total) = n(F2) + n(H2) + n(CO2) = 1.82 mol

To calculate the partial pressure of each component, we can use the equation:

P = nRT/V

where n/V is the concentration of the gas, which is given by the number of moles divided by the volume. Assuming that the volume is constant, we can write:

P(F2) = (n(F2)/n(total)) x P(total) = (0.270 mol/1.82 mol) x 2.75 atm = 0.407 atm
P(H2) = (n(H2)/n(total)) x P(total) = (1.41 mol/1.82 mol) x 2.75 atm = 2.12 atm
P(CO2) = (n(CO2)/n(total)) x P(total) = (0.135 mol/1.82 mol) x 2.75 atm = 0.204 atm

Therefore, the partial pressures of F2, H2, and CO2 are 0.407 atm, 2.12 atm, and 0.204 atm, respectively.

a 70 piece of metal at 120 C is dropped into a kilometer with 150 g of 30C water the final temperature of the water and little changes 35c what is the specific heat of the metal​

Answers

Answer:

cm=0.385 J

cm = (0.15 kg x 4.18 J/gCx (35C - 30C)) / (70 pieces x 0.1 kg/piece x (120C - 35C))

The answer is:

cm = 0.385 J/gc

Therefore, the specific heat of the metal is 0.385

A piece of metal with a mass of 32.8 g is heated to 100.5 C and dropped into 138.2 g of water at 20.0 C. the final temperature of the system is 30.2 C. What is the specific heat capacity of the metal

Answers

Answer:

To solve this problem, we can use the equation:

Q = m * c * ΔT

where Q is the heat transferred, m is the mass of the substance, c is its specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.

In this case, we know that the heat lost by the metal is equal to the heat gained by the water:

Q lost = Q gained

We can calculate the heat lost by the metal using the equation:

Q lost = m * c * ΔT

where m is the mass of the metal, c is the specific heat capacity of the metal (which we are trying to find), and ΔT is the change in temperature of the metal (100.5 C - 30.2 C = 70.3 C).

We can calculate the heat gained by the water using the equation:

Q gained = m * c * ΔT

where m is the mass of the water and ΔT is the change in temperature of the water (30.2 C - 20.0 C = 10.2 C).

Setting the two equations equal to each other, we get:

m * c * ΔT (metal) = m * c * ΔT (water)

Simplifying, we get:

c (metal) = (m * c * ΔT (water)) / (m * ΔT (metal))

Plugging in the values we know:

m (metal) = 32.8 g

ΔT (metal) = 70.3 C

m (water) = 138.2 g

ΔT (water) = 10.2 C

c (metal) = (138.2 g * 4.184 J/g·K * 10.2 C) / (32.8 g * 70.3 C)

c (metal) = 0.192 J/g·K

Therefore, the specific heat capacity of the metal is 0.192 J/g·K.

This molecule undergoes an E1 mechanism when stirred in water.

Answers

All the 3 chemical species are drawn in the images below/

What is E1 mechanism when stirred in water

The E1 reaction mechanism instigates a variant of elimination reactions. It materializes in the vicinity of strong acids or bases and it initiates by eliminating a leaving group from the substrate, consequently creating an intermediate carbocation. Once completed, the mechanism eliminates a proton from a neighborly carbon, initiating the construction process of a double bond.

However, performing an E1 reaction in water may yield unexpected results due to water's nucleophilic nature, catalyzing sneaky attacks on the carbocation intermediates, leading to dissimilar products than initially intended. Furthermore, reactions performed with aqueous media cause other side-products thanks to hydrolysis mechanisms that emerge, making them undesirable.


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Please help asp and don 't just put random answers please

Answers

The value of Tan P as fraction simplest form is 15 / 29

How do determine the value of tan P?

The following data were obtained from the question:

Angle θ = POpposite = 15Adjacent = 29Tan P =?

Tan θ ratio is express as:

Tan θ = Opposite / Adjacent

Inputting the various parameters obtained from the question, we can obtain Tan P as shown below:

Tan P = Opposite / Adjacent

Tan P = 15 / 29

Thus, from the above calculation, we can conclude that the value of tan P in it's lowest fraction is 15 / 29

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what is the name for CH3-CH2-C(O)-OCH3

Answers

Answer:

The name for CH3-CH2-C(O)-OCH3 is ethyl methanoate.

Explanation:

Given the following data
C2H4 (g) + 3O2 (g) -> 2CO2 (g) + 2H2O (l) H = –1411.0 kJ
2C2H6 (g) + 7O2 (g) -> 4CO2 (g) + 6H2O (l) H = –3119.8 kJ
2H2 (g) + O2 (g) -> 2H2O (l) H = –571.7 kJ

calculate H for the reaction
C2H4 (g) + H2 -> C2H6 (g)

Answers

Answer:H = 5

Explanation: You would get this answer if you divide by 2 then multiple by 7

Potential in a different kind of cell.

A typical mammalian cell at 37

C, with only potassium channels open, will have the following equilibrium:

K+ (intracellular) ⇌ K+ (extracellular),

with an intracellular concentration of 150 mM K+, and 4.0 mM K+ in the extracellular fluid.

What is the potential, in volts, across this cell membrane? Note: in this case, n = the charge on the ion, and Eo for a concentration cell = 0.00 V. explain please

Answers

The potential across this cell membrane with only potassium channels open is -0.082 V, which means that the inside of the cell is negatively charged relative to the outside.

The potential across a cell membrane can be calculated using the Nernst equation:

E = (RT/zF) ln([ion]out/[ion]in)

 E = potential in volts, R= gas constant (8.314 J/mol*K), T= temperature in Kelvin, z = charge on the ion, F= Faraday constant (96,485 C/mol), and [ion]out and [ion]in are the concentrations of the ion outside and inside the cell, respectively.

K+ (intracellular) ⇌ K+ (extracellular)

The charge on potassium ions is +1, so z = 1.

The temperature is 37°C or 310 K.

The concentrations of potassium ions are [K+]in = 150 mM and [K+]out = 4.0 mM.

Substituting these values into the Nernst equation,

E = (RT/zF) ln([K+]out/[K+]in)

E = (8.314 J/mol.K × 310 K)/(1 × 96,485 C/mol) ln(4.0 mM/150 mM)

E = -0.082 V

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Given the thermochemical equation:
4 AlCl3 (s) + 3 O2 (g) ⇒ 2 Al2 03 (s) + 6 Cl2 (g) ; ΔH = -529 kJ
Find ΔH for the following reaction:
1) 3 Al2O3 (s) + Cl2 (g) ⇒ 2/3 AlCl3 (s) + 1/2 O2 (g) ΔH= ?kJ
2) 88.2 kJ
b) 264.5 kJ
c) 529 kJ
d) 176.3 kJ
e) - 176.3 kJ

Answers

A thermochemical equation can be written by expressing the heat evolved or absorbed in terms of the enthalpy change ΔH. Here ΔH for the following reaction +88.2 kJ. The correct option is A.

A chemical equation which indicates the heat change occuring during the reaction is defined as the thermochemical equation. In thermochemical equations, physical states of the reactants and products should be specified.

Here the given reaction 4 AlCl₃ (s) + 3 O₂ (g) ⇒ 2 Al₂O₃ (s) + 6 Cl₂ (g) is reversed as 1 /3 Al₂O₃ (s) + Cl₂ (g) ⇒ 2/3 AlCl₃ (s) + 1/2 O₂ (g) and multiplied by 1/6.

So the new enthalpy is +88.16 ≈ 88.2 kJ

Thus the correct option is A.

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Calculate the volume of barium hydroxide (0.1177 M) necessary to react with 25.00 mL of phosphoric acid (0.1002 M)

Answers

The concept molarity is an important method which is used to calculate the concentration of a solution. It is mainly employed to calculate the concentration of a binary solution. Here the volume of  barium hydroxide is 21.28 mL.

Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of the solute present per litre of the solution. It is represented as 'M' and its unit is mol/L.

The equation connecting molarity and volume of two solution is given as:

M₁V₁ = M₂V₂

V₁  = M₂V₂ / M₁

0.1002 × 25.00 / 0.1177 = 21.28 mL

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A student used a video camera to record another student dropping a marble through water in a graduated cylinder. The students watched the video in slow motion and made the observations shown below. During which part or parts of the marble’s fall did the marble experience unbalanced forces?

Answers

Parts B and C of the marble's fall did the marble experience unbalanced forces. Option 4 is correct.

A force is a push or pull (interaction) which changes the momentum of an object, either stationary or in motion when unopposed. All objects experience different forces depending on their environment. When immersed in fluids, unbalanced forces of one upward moving force tends to cancel the gravity force moving downward on a sinking object causing deceleration to a constant sinking speed.

This upward moving force is called as Buoyant force. This is where at part A, the object will experiences a balanced force of gravity which accelerates due to the absence of an opposing force acting upwards on the object. At part B, the speed of the sinking object decreases due to an unbalanced force that cancels the acceleration by the buoyant force. Once the sinking object’s acceleration is cancelled, its sinking speed turns constant at part C.

Hence, 4. is the correct option.

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--The given question is incomplete, the complete question is

"A student used a video camera to record another student dropping a marble through water in a graduated cylinder. The students watched the video in slow motion and made the observations shown below. During which part or parts of the marble's fall did the marble experience unbalanced forces? (1) Part A only (2) Parts A and B only (3) Part C only (4) Parts B and C only."--

The diagram shows sound and light waves from an emergency vehicle traveling toward a brick wall. The brick wall has both smooth and rough surfaces.



Select the correct answer from each drop-down menu to complete the sentences about how each wave is affected by the brick wall.

The sound waves from the siren will
the smooth surface of the wall. The light waves from the emergency vehicle will
the smooth surface of the wall. Rougher sections of the wall surface will cause the
from the emergency vehicle to scatter.

Answers

The sound waves from the siren will reflect off the smooth surface of the wall. The light waves from the emergency vehicle will reflect off the smooth surface of the wall. Rougher sections of the wall surface will cause the light waves from the emergency vehicle to scatter.

When sound waves hit a smooth surface, they reflect off the surface in a predictable way called the law of reflection. So, the sound waves from the siren will reflect off the smooth surface of the wall.

Similarly, light waves also follow the law of reflection when they hit a smooth surface. Therefore, the light waves from the emergency vehicle will also reflect off the smooth surface of the wall.

However, when light waves encounter a rough surface, they scatter in all directions due to the irregularities on the surface. Therefore, rougher sections of the wall surface will cause the light waves from the emergency vehicle to scatter.

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Look back at parts A and B to compare the properties of the unknown elements with the properties of the known
elements. Based on these properties, match each unknown element to its group in the periodic table.
Drag each tile to the correct box.
Tiles
element 1 element 2
Pairs
group 1
group 2
group 11
group 14
group 17
group 18
element 3
element 4
element 5
element 6

Answers

Based on the properties of elements, elements can be arranged into groups in the periodic table as follows:

Group 1 to 3 - metals

Group 14 - non-metals, metalloids, and metals

Group 15 to 18 - non-metals

What are groups and periods in the periodic table?

Groups are the names given to the periodic table's columns. In the table, individuals who belong to the same group make bonds of the same kind and have an equal number of electrons in their atoms' outermost shells.

Periods are the horizontal rows found in the periodic table.

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A certain flexible weather balloon contains 3.1 L of helium gas. Initially, the balloon is in WP at 8500ft, where the temperature is 23.8oC and the barometric pressure is 564.8 torr. The balloon then is taken to the top of Pike’s Peak at an altitude of 14,100ft, where the pressure is 400 torr and the temperature is 6.9oC. What is the new volume of the balloon at the top of Pikes Peak?

Answers

The concept combined gas law is used here to determine the new volume of the balloon. This law relate one thermodynamic variable to another holding everything else constant. The new volume is 4.12 L.

The combination of Boyles law, Charles's law and Avogadro's law gives the combined gas law. This law states that the product of pressure volume and temperature of a system remains constant.

The equation is:

P₁V₁ / T₁ = P₂V₂ / T₂

V₂ = P₁V₁T₂ / P₂T₁

0.7455 × 3.1 × 279.9 / 0.528 × 296.8 = 4.12 L

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A soft drink contains 33g of sugar in 349g of H2O. A soft drink contains 33g of sugar in 349g of H2O. What is the concentration of sugar in the soft drink in mass percent?

Answers

A soft drink contains 33g of sugar in 349g of H[tex]_2[/tex]O. 14.3%  is the concentration of sugar in the soft drink in mass percent.

One approach to indicate the concentration of any dissolved component in a solution is by mass percentage. Mass percentage is the ratio of the total weight of a compound in a solution to the overall mass of the solution, expressed in percentages.

In order to express the mass percent of a solution, the grammes of solute are divided by the grammes of solution, and the result is multiplied by 100. As long as you use a comparable number for both the component and solute mass.

Mass percent = (mass of solute/mass of solute+ mass of solvent)×100

                        = ( 33/ 33+ 349)×100

                         =14.3%

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Make a drawing representing the reaction that occurs between calcium nitrate and sodium oxalate.

Answers

The reaction between calcium nitrate (Ca(NO₃)₂) and sodium oxalate (Na₂C₂O₄) can be represented by the following chemical equation:

Ca(NO₃)₂ + Na₂C₂O₄ → CaC₂O₄ + 2NaNO₃

This is a double displacement reaction, where the calcium ion (Ca²⁺) from calcium nitrate and the oxalate ion (C₂O₄²⁻) from sodium oxalate switch places to form calcium oxalate (CaC₂O₄) and sodium nitrate (NaNO₃). The balanced chemical equation shows that one mole of calcium nitrate reacts with one mole of sodium oxalate to form one mole of calcium oxalate and two moles of sodium nitrate.

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a reaction between 1.7 moles of zinc iodide and excess sodium

Answers

Answer: I got you fam

Explanation:

The formula is Na2CO3 + ZnI2 → 2NaI + ZnCO3

Or -5.19

Suppose that 0.95 g of water condenses on a 75.0 g block of iron that is initially at 22 °C. If the heat released during condensation goes only to warming the iron block, what is the final tempera- ture (in Celsius) of the iron block? (Assume a constant enthalpy ofvaporizationforwaterof44.0kJmol-1.)

Answers

Answer:

The temperature of the iron block is 68.5°C.

Explanation:

The heat released during condensation of water is used to warm the iron block:

q = m_H2O * ΔH_vap = m_fe * c_fe * ΔT

where q is the heat released, m_H2O is the mass of water condensed, ΔH_vap is the enthalpy of vaporization for water, m_fe is the mass of iron, c_fe is the specific heat capacity of iron, and ΔT is the change in temperature of the iron block.

Rearranging the equation gives:

ΔT = (m_H2O * ΔH_vap) / (m_fe * c_fe)

Substituting the given values gives:

ΔT = (0.95 g * 44.0 kJ/mol) / (75.0 g * 0.449 J/(g°C))

ΔT = 46.5°C

Therefore, the final temperature of the iron block is:

T_f = T_i + ΔT = 22°C + 46.5°C = 68.5°C.

The final temperature of the iron block is 68.5°C.

PLEASE HELP ASAP
(50 POINTS)

You have 400,000 atoms of a radioactive substance. After 2 half-lives have past, how
many atoms remain?

Remember that you cannot have a fraction of an atom, so round the answer to the
nearest whole number.

Answers

Answer:

If 2 half-lives have passed, it means that the radioactive substance has decayed twice, so the number of remaining atoms would be:

1st half-life: 400,000 / 2 = 200,000 atoms remaining

2nd half-life: 200,000 / 2 = 100,000 atoms remaining

Therefore, after 2 half-lives have passed, 100,000 atoms would remain, rounded to the nearest whole number

Explanation:

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You have 900,000 atoms of a radioactive substance. After 4 half-lives have past, how many atoms remain?

you cannot have a fraction of an atom, so round the answer to the nearest whole number.

Answers

The number of atoms remaining after 4 half-lives can be calculated using the formula: N = N0 /[tex]2^4[/tex] . Therefore, after 4 half-lives, approximately 56,250 atoms of the radioactive substance remain.

Radioactive decay is the process by which a nucleus of an atom loses energy by emitting ionizing radiation. The rate of decay of a radioactive substance is measured by its half-life, which is the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay.

N = N0 /[tex]2^n[/tex]

where: N0 = initial number of atoms N = final number of atoms

Substituting the given values,

N = 900,000 / [tex]2^4[/tex]

N = 56,250

Rounding to the nearest whole number,

N ≈ 56,250 atoms

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why is often difficult to identify a highly weathered mineral

Answers

Weathering changes the chemical and physical nature of an element that is why it is often difficult to identify a highly weathered mineral.

The breakdown and alteration of rocks and minerals at or near the Earth's surface as a result of exposure to various weathering agents, such as water, wind and temperature changes is known as weathering.

Minerals can undergo physical changes as a result of weathering, such as being broken up into smaller pieces or having their color and texture altered. Additionally, it may result in chemical alterations such as the removal or addition of specific chemical components.

This may lead to the creation of brand-new minerals or the modification of already existing minerals into new ones.  Highly weathered minerals might not still possess the same physical and chemical characteristics as their unweathered counterparts.

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PLEASE HELP NOW

Caffeine is a weak base with a b of 4.1×10^-4 Calculate the initial molar concentration of a solution of caffeine if the pH is 10.94.

Answers

Answer:430 mg/L = 0.43g/L 

Explanation:

Balance the following reaction by typing in the correct coefficients in front of each reactant and product.
H3PO4(s) -
-->
H₂(g) +
P(s) +
O₂(g)

Answers

2 H3PO4(s) —> 3 H2 + 2 P + 4 O2

5.4g of aluminum reacts with sulfuric acid (H₂SO4) to form aluminum sulfate and hydrogen.
a. Write the chemical equation.
b. Find mass of required sulfuric acid.
C. Find volume of the obtained gas.
(AI=23, S = 32, O=16, H =1, 2g of H2 has 22.4L).​

Answers

Answer:

a. The chemical equation for the reaction is:

2Al + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂

b. To find the mass of required sulfuric acid, we need to use stoichiometry. We can start by finding the number of moles of aluminum used in the reaction:

Molar mass of Al = 27 g/mol

Number of moles of Al = 5.4 g / 27 g/mol = 0.2 mol

According to the balanced equation, 3 moles of H₂SO₄ are required to react with 2 moles of Al. Therefore, the number of moles of H₂SO₄ required is:

Number of moles of H₂SO₄ = 3/2 x 0.2 mol = 0.3 mol

Molar mass of H₂SO₄ = 2 x 1 g/mol + 32 g/mol + 4 x 16 g/mol = 98 g/mol

Mass of H₂SO₄ required = 0.3 mol x 98 g/mol = 29.4 g

Therefore, 29.4 g of sulfuric acid is required to react with 5.4 g of aluminum.

c. To find the volume of hydrogen gas obtained, we need to use the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure of the gas, V is its volume, n is the number of moles of the gas, R is the universal gas constant (0.0821 L atm/mol K), and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

We can start by finding the number of moles of hydrogen gas produced in the reaction. According to the balanced equation, 3 moles of H₂ are produced for every 2 moles of Al. Therefore, the number of moles of H₂ produced is:

Number of moles of H₂ = 3/2 x 0.2 mol = 0.3 mol

Assuming the reaction occurs at standard temperature and pressure (STP), which is 0°C (273 K) and 1 atm, we can use the molar volume of a gas at STP, which is 22.4 L/mol. Therefore:

V = nRT/P = 0.3 mol x 0.0821 L atm/mol K x 273 K / 1 atm = 6.58 L

Therefore, the volume of hydrogen gas produced at STP is 6.58 L.

Explanation:

7. What mass of solid NH4Cl and what volume of 1.00 mol-L¹ NaOH solution should be used to
prepare 1 L of a buffer solution of pH 9.00? Suppose the overall concentration of the buffer is 0.125
mol-L¹. (Answer V = 45 mL)

Answers

STEP BY STEP SOLUTION :

To prepare a buffer solution of pH 9.00, we need to use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

Where [A-]/[HA] is the ratio of the concentrations of the conjugate base and acid of the buffer, respectively. Since we are given the pH and the overall concentration of the buffer, we can solve for the ratio [A-]/[HA]:

9.00 = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])pKa = 9.25 (the pKa of NH4Cl)9.00 = 9.25 + log([A-]/[HA])log([A-]/[HA]) = -0.25[A-]/[HA] = 0.56

Next, we can use the definition of the concentration of a solution to find the concentration of NH4Cl needed to make a 0.125 mol-L^-1 buffer solution:

0.125 mol-L^-1 = [NH4Cl] + [NaOH]

Since the NaOH solution is 1.00 mol-L^-1, we can assume that the contribution of NaOH to the total concentration of the buffer is negligible, and so:

0.125 mol-L^-1 = [NH4Cl]

Finally, we can use the molar mass of NH4Cl to find the mass of NH4Cl needed to prepare 1 L of the buffer solution:

mass NH4Cl = molar mass * molesmass NH4Cl = (14.01 g-mol^-1 + 1.01 g-mol^-1 + 35.45 g-mol^-1) * 0.125 molmass NH4Cl = 6.63 g

So we need to use 6.63 g of NH4Cl and enough volume of 1.00 mol-L^-1 NaOH solution to make a total volume of 1 L. To find the volume of NaOH solution needed, we can use the definition of molarity:

molality = moles of solute / volume of solution (in liters)

Rearranging this equation, we get:

volume of solution = moles of solute / molality

Since we are adding NaOH solution to NH4Cl to make a total volume of 1 L, the molality of NaOH solution is also 0.125 mol-L^-1. Therefore:

volume of NaOH solution = moles of NaOH / molality of NaOHvolume of NaOH solution = (1 L - volume of NH4Cl solution) * 0.125 mol-L^-1

Substituting the values we know:

volume of NaOH solution = (1 L - 0.45 L) * 0.125 mol-L^-1volume of NaOH solution = 0.056 L = 56 mL

So we need to use 6.63 g of NH4Cl and 56 mL of 1.00 mol-L^-1 NaOH solution to prepare 1 L of a buffer solution of pH 9.00.

The pKa of NH4Cl is 9.25. Therefore, the pH of the buffer can be calculated using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

where [A-]/[HA] is the ratio of the concentration of the conjugate base to the concentration of the weak acid. Since NH4Cl is a salt of a weak acid (NH4+) and a strong base (Cl-), the weak acid in this case is NH4+.

Rearranging the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation gives:

[A-]/[HA] = 10^(pH - pKa)

Substituting the given values into the equation:

[A-]/[HA] = 10^(9.00 - 9.25) = 0.562

Since the overall concentration of the buffer is 0.125 mol-L¹, we can set up the following two equations:

[A-] + [HA] = 0.125 mol-L¹

[V1] [C1] = [V2] [C2]

where V1 is the volume of NaOH solution, C1 is the concentration of NaOH solution, V2 is the total volume of the buffer solution (1 L), and C2 is the concentration of NH4Cl.

Since NH4Cl is a 1:1 electrolyte, [A-] = [NH3] and [HA] = [NH4+]. Therefore, we can rewrite the first equation as:

[NH3] + [NH4+] = 0.125 mol-L¹

Substituting [A-]/[HA] = 0.562 into the equation gives:

[NH3] = 0.562 [NH4+]

Substituting this into the equation [NH3] + [NH4+] = 0.125 mol-L¹ gives:

[NH4+] = 0.125 / (1 + 0.562) = 0.0517 mol-L¹

[C2] = 0.0517 mol-L¹

The molar mass of NH4Cl is 53.49 g-mol¹. Therefore, the mass of NH4Cl needed to prepare 1 L of a 0.0517 mol-L¹ solution is:

m = C × V × M

where m is the mass of NH4Cl, C is the concentration of NH4Cl, V is the volume of

Calculate the pH of the three solutions described below. (25 pts)
a) 6.0 x 10-3 M HClO4
b) .0009 M Sr(OH)2
c) The solution made by mixing 25.00 mL of 0.121 M HCl + 30.00 mL of 0.100 M KOH

Answers

a) HClO₄ is a strong acid, and in water, it will dissociate completely into H+ and ClO₄⁻. The concentration of H⁺ in this solution is therefore equal to the concentration of HClO₄:

[H⁺] = 6.0 x 10⁻³ M

Using the definition of pH, we have:

pH = -log[H⁺]

pH = -log(6.0 x 10⁻³)

pH = 2.22

b) Sr(OH)₂ will dissociate completely into Sr²⁺ and 2OH⁻. The concentration of OH⁻ in this solution is therefore twice the concentration of Sr(OH)₂:

[OH-] = 2 x 0.0009 M

[OH-] = 0.0018 M

Using the definition of pH, we have:

pOH = -log[OH-]

pOH = -log(0.0018)

pOH = 2.74

Since pH + pOH = 14, we have:

pH = 14 - pOH

pH = 14 - 2.74

pH = 11.26

c) Solution made by mixing 25.00 mL of 0.121 M HCl and 30.00 mL of 0.100 M KOH

HCl + KOH → H2O + KCl

The moles of HCl in 25.00 mL of 0.121 M HCl are:

moles HCl = concentration x volume

moles HCl = 0.121 mol/L x 0.025 L

moles HCl = 0.003025 mol

The concentration of HCl in the final solution is:

[HCl] = moles HCl / total volume of solution

[HCl] = 0.003025 mol / (25.00 mL + 30.00 mL)

[HCl] = 0.003025 mol / 0.055 L

[HCl] = 0.055 M

Similarly, the moles of KOH in 30.00 mL of 0.100 M KOH is:

moles KOH = concentration x volume

moles KOH = 0.100 mol/L x 0.030 L

moles KOH = 0.003 mol

The concentration of OH⁻ in the final solution is:

[OH⁻] = moles OH⁻ / total volume of solution

[OH⁻] = 0.006 mol / 0.055 L

[OH⁻] = 0.109 M

Using the definition of pH, we have:

pH = 14 - pOH

pH = 14 - (-log[OH⁻])

pH = 14 - (-log(0.109))

pH = 12.06

Thus, the pH of (a) is 2.22, (b) is 11.26, and (c) is 12.06.

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