Answer:
Sodium bicarbonate, also known as baking soda, has a wide range of uses in various industries and applications. Here are some of the most common uses of sodium bicarbonate:
Baking: Sodium bicarbonate is widely used in baking as a leavening agent. It reacts with acids, such as cream of tartar, buttermilk, or vinegar, to produce carbon dioxide gas, which causes the dough or batter to rise and become lighter.
Cleaning: Sodium bicarbonate is also used as a natural and effective cleaning agent. It can be used to clean and deodorize carpets, upholstery, kitchen appliances, and bathroom fixtures.
Personal care: Sodium bicarbonate is used in various personal care products, such as toothpaste, deodorants, and bath salts. It is effective in neutralizing odors and as an exfoliant.
Medical: Sodium bicarbonate is used in some medical treatments, such as as an antacid for heartburn or to treat metabolic acidosis, a condition where the body produces too much acid.
Fire extinguisher: Sodium bicarbonate is also used in some fire extinguishers because it can release carbon dioxide gas, which can displace oxygen and extinguish small fires.
Overall, sodium bicarbonate is a versatile substance with many uses in various industries and applications.
1. SEP Use Models The bingo chips represented atoms, and when combined they represented
molecules in the overall chemical reaction. Do you think that energy was absorbed or released
to rearrange the atoms?
Replacement is the reaction that occurs when one atoms swaps places with another in a compound or when two components in two separate compounds switch places.
Breaking chemical bonds between reactant molecules (particles) and creating new bonds between atoms in product particles are two aspects of chemical reactions (molecules). While there are the same number of atoms both before and after the chemical transition, there will be a change in the number of molecules.
When atoms establish or break chemical bonds, chemical processes take place. Reactants are the substances that begin a chemical reaction, while products are the compounds that are created as a result of the reaction.
When two atoms collide to create a heavier atom, such as when two hydrogen atoms combine to create one helium atom, this process is known as fusion. The sun is powered by a similar mechanism that generates enormous amounts of energy that are many times bigger than those produced by fission.
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If an ideal gas has a pressure of 1.99 atm, a temperature of 124C and has a volume of 85.81L how many moles of gas are in the sample
To determine the number of moles of gas in the sample, we can use the Ideal Gas Law: PV = nRT
n = PV/RT
n = (1.99 atm)(85.81 L) / (0.0821 Latm/(molK) * 397.15 K)
n = 6.51 moles
Therefore, there are 6.51 moles of gas in the sample.
What is an ideal gas?An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of randomly moving point particles not subject to intermolecular interactions.
How can you describe the behavior of ideal gases?The ideal gas law describes the behavior of ideal gases, which relates the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a perfect gas. Natural gases do not strictly obey the ideal gas law, particularly at high pressures and low temperatures where intermolecular interactions become significant.
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the ink in a marking pen contains a mixture of water, pigments, and dyes if different colors. In this solution identify the solvent and solutes
The solvent in a marking pen is water, and the solutes are the pigments and dyes that provide the color.
What are solvents and solute?In a solution, the solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute. It is the component that is present in the greatest amount and provides the medium for the solute to be dissolved in.
In the case of a marking pen, the solvent is water. Water is a common solvent because it has a high polarity, which means it can dissolve many substances that have polar or ionic bonds.
The solutes in a marking pen are the pigments and dyes that provide the color. These are substances that are insoluble in water but are suspended in the water-based solution in the pen.
The pigments and dyes are dissolved in the water to create a homogeneous solution that can be used for writing and marking on surfaces.
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A sample of the compound weighs 80 grams. How many grams of cobalt are in the sample?
Cobalt weighs 58.93 g/mol, or 1 mole. Hence, the sample of cobalt weighs 4. 89 10 2 grammes.
What is the cobalt worth?Basic Details. The price of US cobalt is currently 48874.36, down from 51497.77 last month and 70527.05 last year. The difference from the previous month and one year ago is -5.09% and -30.70%, respectively.
What is the purpose of cobalt?In addition, cobalt is used to create ground coats for porcelain enamels, cemented carbides (also known as hardmetals), diamond tools, corrosion- and wear-resistant alloys, airbags for automobiles, catalysts for the petroleum and chemical industries, drying agents for paints, varnishes, and inks, dyes, and pigments.
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In the combustion reaction between propane and oxygen gas, if 14.0 g of propane is burned in 102.0g of oxygen. How many total grams of products will be formed if the Law of Conservation of Mass is fulfilled?
In order to satisfy the Law of Conservation of Mass, 64.7 grammes of items must be produced.
What is the balanced formula for propane's complete C3H8 combustion?The following diagram illustrates the balanced chemical equation for propane combustion: C 3 H 8 ( g ) ( g ) Propane plus O2O ( g ) CO2 3 Oxygen ( g ) Carbon dioxide + 4 hydrogen ions ( l ) Heat plus water.
We must create a balanced chemical equation for propane combustion in order to resolve this issue:
C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O
We must figure out how many moles of oxygen and propane are used in the reaction.
moles of propane = 14.0 g / 44.1 g/mol = 0.317 mol
moles of oxygen = 102.0 g / 32.0 g/mol = 3.1875 mol
moles of oxygen used = 0.317 mol x 5 = 1.585 mol
moles of oxygen left over = 3.1875 mol - 1.585 mol = 1.6025 mol
we can use the mole ratios in the balanced equation to determine the moles of products formed:
moles of carbon dioxide = 3 x 0.317 mol = 0.951 mol
moles of water = 4 x 0.317 mol = 1.268 mol
Now we can calculate the total mass of the products:
mass of carbon dioxide = 0.951 mol x 44.01 g/mol = 41.8 g
mass of water = 1.268 mol x 18.02 g/mol = 22.9 g
Total mass of products = mass of carbon dioxide + mass of water
= 41.8 g + 22.9 g
= 64.7 g
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A sample of an unknown sulfate compound has a mass of 0.100 g. Addition of excess barium chloride solution to the sample forms a barium sulfate precipitate of mass 0.0676 g. Suggest a reason why it is desirable to use an excess of barium ion in the precipitation.
Using an excess of barium ions in the precipitation reaction is desirable to ensure complete precipitation of the sulfate ions and accurate determination of the sulfate content of the original sample.
What is precipitation reaction?When precipitating a sulfate compound using barium chloride, it is desirable to use an excess of barium ions to ensure complete precipitation of the sulfate ions. This is because the precipitation reaction is a equilibrium reaction and the precipitation may not be complete if the concentration of barium ions is not high enough.
In the precipitation reaction, barium ions (Ba2+) react with sulfate ions (SO42-) to form barium sulfate (BaSO4):
Ba2+ + SO42- → BaSO4
If there is not enough barium ions in the solution, some of the sulfate ions may not react with the available barium ions and remain in solution. This would result in an inaccurate determination of the sulfate content of the original sample. Using an excess of barium ions ensures that all the sulfate ions in the sample react with the barium ions, resulting in complete precipitation of the barium sulfate. Any unreacted barium ions will remain in solution and will not interfere with the analysis of the sulfate content of the sample.
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How many moles of HCl are needed to get 10 moles of Cl2?
2 KMnO4 + 16 HCl ---> 2 KCl + 2 MnCl2 + 8 H2O + 5 Cl2
A. 16
B. 5
C. 32
D. 10
Answer:
A:16
Explanation:
it's one of those things where there is no way to explain it but I hope this helps
c
first balance the chemical equation / the equation is already balanced/
secondly write the given mole above the compound
then place the coefficient as a number of mole under the compound
after that set up the proportion
finally calculate the unknown mole
x/16 = 10/5
x=32
Calculate the formula mass of each compound. Keep at least one decimal place in atomic masses from the periodic table.
HFO2
The molecular formula of HFO2 tells us that it contains one hydrogen atom (H), one fluorine atom (F), and two oxygen atoms (O). The atomic masses of H, F, and O are 1.0, 19.0, and 16.0 g/mol, respectively.
Calculation-Formula mass = (1 x atomic mass of H) + (1 x atomic mass of F) + (2 x atomic mass of O)
= (1 x 1.0 g/mol) + (1 x 19.0 g/mol) + (2 x 16.0 g/mol)
= 1.0 g/mol + 19.0 g/mol + 32.0 g/mol
= 52.0 g/mol
What is the formula for calculating mass?By adding the masses of each individual atom in the compound's formula, the formula mass is determined. The ions can be regarded as atoms for the purposes of determining the formula mass since a valid formula is electrically neutral (with no net electrons gained or lost).
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You hear about a new amazing fertilizer called SuperGro. The company selling it claims that using this fertilizer will double your tomato harvest! Sounds great but as a skeptical consumer you ask for a sample so that you can conduct an experiment in your garden before you buy a big bag of his fertilizer.
state a good hypothesis for your fertilizer experiment describe the experiment you would conduct .identify the control and experimental groups/treatments . identify the dependent and independent variables
• name two control variables
•make up hypothetical results
• state a conclusion
Answer:
Hypothesis: If I use SuperGro fertilizer on my tomato plants, then the harvest will be greater than if I do not use the fertilizer.
Experiment: I would divide my tomato plants into two groups. The first group would be the control group and receive no fertilizer. The second group would be the experimental group and receive SuperGro fertilizer. I would use the same type and number of tomato plants in both groups and plant them in the same location with the same amount of sunlight and water.
Control group: Tomato plants that receive no fertilizer
Experimental group: Tomato plants that receive SuperGro fertilizer
Independent variable: SuperGro fertilizer
Dependent variable: Tomato harvest
Control variables: type and number of tomato plants, location, amount of sunlight and water
Hypothetical results: The tomato plants in the experimental group that received SuperGro fertilizer produced double the amount of tomatoes compared to the tomato plants in the control group that did not receive fertilizer.
Conclusion: Based on the results of the experiment, it can be concluded that SuperGro fertilizer does have a significant effect on increasing tomato harvest. Therefore, using SuperGro fertilizer can be recommended for individuals who want to increase their tomato harvest.
Explanation:
Please answer this ASAP
What was Aesthetically Pleasing?
What dance was the most aesthetically pleasing to you visually, physically, and choreographically. Why?
5 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Compare Movements viewed in Concert and in Textbook / Videos.
Identify and compare movement style(s) in concert to what you have found in your textbook. Write out and identify the Chapter(s) and page number(s) along with your answer.
5 pts
This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome General Qualities of African Dance
Name 3 General Qualities of African American Dance from pgs 20-27 in your textbook that you recognize from the choreography in the concert. List and describe those qualities.
5 pts
Answer:
an object or item that someone considers to be beautiful or attractive.
If a flask initially contains 1.0 atm
of A
and 1.5 atm
of B
, what will be the pressure in the flask if the reaction proceeds to completion? (Assume constant volume and temperature.)
The pressure in the flask if it proceeds to completion would be given as 2.5 atm
How to solve for the pressureUsing Dalton's partial pressure law, this states that Dalton's law of partial pressures states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each component gas. In other words, in a mixture of gases, the pressure contributed by each gas is independent of the pressure of the other gases present.
Mathematically, Dalton's law can be expressed as follows:
P_total = P_A + P_B + ... + P_n
hence we would have
1.5 atm + 1.0 atm
= 2.5 atm
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help me asap please, worth 15 point!
The order of given chemical reaction is three. the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of the species taking part in it
What, with an example, is the order of reaction?
The total of the exponents that the concentration terms in the rate law are increased to determines the reaction's overall order. Take the products of the reaction aA+bB, for instance. Reactants A and B are in that sequence in the reaction, which is a and b, respectively. The reaction happens in the general order a+b.
What are order of reaction and rate law?A rate law demonstrates how the concentration of the reactant affects the rate of a chemical reaction. The rate law often takes the form rate = k[A]n for a reaction like aA products, where k is the proportionality constant referred to as the rate constant and n is the order of the reaction with respect to A.
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The most common source of copper ( Cu ) is the mineral chalcopyrite ( CuFeS2 ). How many kilograms of chalcopyrite must be mined to obtain 325g of pure Cu?
Express your answer to three significant figures and include the appropriate units.
About 940 kg (to three significant figures) of chalcopyrite must be mined to obtain 325 g of pure Cu.
What is Molar Mass?
It is calculated by adding up the atomic masses of all the atoms in a molecule or formula unit. The atomic masses are taken from the periodic table and are usually given in atomic mass units (amu) or unified atomic mass units (u).
We can start by setting up a proportion, where x is the mass of chalcopyrite in kilograms that must be mined:
(mass of Cu in grams obtained from x kg of CuFeS2) / (mass of CuFeS2 in kg) = (mass of pure Cu obtained) / (mass of Cu in the sample)
From the chemical formula of chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), we know that 1 mole of CuFeS2 contains 1 mole of Cu. The molar mass of Cu is 63.55 g/mol, and the molar mass of CuFeS2 is 183.52 g/mol.
So, the mass of Cu in x kg of CuFeS2 is:
(1 mol Cu / 1 mol CuFeS2) × (63.55 g/mol Cu) × (x kg CuFeS2 / 183.52 g/mol CuFeS2) = 0.346 x kg Cu
The mass of CuFeS2 in x kg is simply x kg. Substituting the given values into the proportion, we get:
0.346 x kg / x kg = 0.325 kg / 0.001 kg
Solving for x, we get:
x = (0.325 kg / 0.001 kg) / 0.346 = 940.18 kg
Therefore, about 940 kg (to three significant figures) of chalcopyrite must be mined to obtain 325 g of pure Cu.
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H3PO4 + 3 NaOH- -->Na3PO4 + 3 H₂O If 36.0 ml. of H3PO4 react exactly with 80.0 ml. of 0.500 M NaOH, what is the concentration of the phosphoric acid?
The concentration of phosphoric acid is 1.11 M.
What is phosphoric acid ?
Phosphoric acid is a colorless, odorless phosphorus-containing solid, and inorganic compound with the chemical formula H₃PO₄.
To determine the concentration of the phosphoric acid (H3PO4) in this reaction, we can start by using the balanced chemical equation:
H3PO4 + 3 NaOH → Na3PO4 + 3 H2O
From the equation, we can see that 1 mole of H3PO4 reacts with 3 moles of NaOH. Therefore, we can first calculate the number of moles of NaOH in the reaction:
moles of NaOH = volume of NaOH × concentration of NaOHmoles of NaOH = 80.0 mL × 0.500 mol/Lmoles of NaOH = 0.040 molSince the reaction is a 1:1 ratio between H3PO4 and NaOH, the number of moles of H3PO4 is also 0.040 mol.
Next, we can calculate the concentration of H3PO4:
concentration of H3PO4 = moles of H3PO4 / volume of H3PO4
volume of H3PO4 = 36.0 mL = 0.036 L
concentration of H3PO4 = 0.040 mol / 0.036 L
concentration of H3PO4 = 1.11 M
Therefore, the concentration of phosphoric acid is 1.11 M.
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Which shows the general structure of an ether?
C-O-R
OA. R
OB. R-O-R
Å
OC. ROH
OD. R-OH
SU
An ether's basic composition is as follows:
B. R-O-R
The oxygen atom is connected to two R groups, and R here stands for an alkyl or aryl group. Using the "oxy" group in place of the "alkyl" or "aryl" group, this structure is also referred to as an "alkoxy" group.
The two R groups could be the same or distinct. Ethers are a group of organic substances that are frequently employed as solvents, anesthetics, and chemical synthesis intermediate.
EtherA type of chemical compound known as ether has an oxygen atom attached to two alkyl or aryl groups. Ethers typically have the following structural makeup: R-O-R, where R stands for an aryl or alkyl group. Alcohols and ethers both have a carbon atom and an oxygen atom bound together in their structures. The oxygen atom is connected to two carbon atoms in ethers, whereas it is bonded to one carbon atom and one hydrogen atom in alcohols. Ethers are frequently employed as solvents in many industrial and laboratory procedures, as well as in the manufacture of drugs and other compounds. In medicine, they can also be employed as anesthetics.
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what is the water cycle
the water cycle is like a life cycle for water. it involves collected water, such as in an ocean, evaporating. also, water evaporates out of plants into the air through stomata. this is called transpiration. the water in the air is gas, now called water vapour. because the sky gets colder as you go up, the water vapour cools to the dew point and condenses, returning to a liquid state. The condensed water forms fall. This is called precipitation. When the precipitation hits the ground, it can do one of two things. It can infiltrate, or be absorbed into the ground. Or it can become runoff, which is the moving water after a rainfall. Then the runoff can join a river to be a part of a collected body of water, which starts the water cycle over again.
thanks, hope this opened up some insight.
How many grams are present in 1.75 moles of carbon dioxide, CO2?
Answer:
To calculate the number of grams in 1.75 moles of CO2, we need to use the molar mass of CO2, which is 44.01 g/mol.
The calculation is:
1.75 mol CO2 x 44.01 g/mol = 77.0175 g CO2
Therefore, there are 77.0175 grams of CO2 in 1.75 moles of CO2.
Explanation:
Ibuprofen is the most common pain reliever found in medicines. If Motrin contains 0.8 g of ibuprofen in a 500 mL bottle, what is the concentration of ibuprofen in a bottle of Motrin?
Answer:
1.6 g/L
Explanation:
To calculate the concentration of ibuprofen in a bottle of Motrin, we need to divide the amount of ibuprofen (in grams) by the volume of the bottle (in liters).
First, we need to convert the volume of the bottle from milliliters (mL) to liters (L):
500 mL = 0.5 L
Now we can calculate the concentration:
Concentration = Amount of ibuprofen / Volume of bottle
Concentration = 0.8 g / 0.5 L
Concentration = 1.6 g/L
Therefore, the concentration of ibuprofen in a bottle of Motrin is 1.6 g/L.
What is the C - O bond order in carbon dioxide?
Answer:
The bond order between carbon and oxygen in carbon dioxide (CO2) is two.
The Lewis structure of CO2 shows that each of the two double bonds (C=O) consists of one sigma bond and one pi bond. The bond order is the number of electron pairs being shared by a pair of atoms in a molecule, divided by the number of chemical bonds between the same pair of atoms. In CO2, there are two double bonds between carbon and oxygen, and each double bond has a bond order of 2. Therefore, the overall bond order between carbon and oxygen in CO2 is 2.
if there are 4 moles of O2 how many moles of each of the C6H12O6 are present
If there are 4 moles of O2, 0.6667 moles of the C6H12O6 are present.
If there are 4 moles of oxygen present. In that case, we can use the balanced chemical equation for glucose combustion to calculate the number of moles of glucose required to react with it.
According to the equation, one mole of glucose reacts with six moles of oxygen to produce six moles of carbon dioxide and six moles of water. The number of moles of glucose required to react with it is calculated by dividing the number of moles of oxygen by six.
So, if 4 moles of oxygen are present, 0.6667 moles of glucose must react with it.
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Which of the following about the
Lockout/Tagout process are TRUE?
(select all that apply)
Out-of-service equipment may be tagged after being locked out
No training is necessary to perform lockout/tagout procedures
Process to lockout/tagout equipment is always the same
Lockout/Tagout direct wired equipment at energy source
Answer:
Lockout/Tagout direct wired equipment at energy source
Explanation:
The purpose of Lockout Tagout (often referred to as LOTO) is to keep the affected employees in the area from any active energy sources on a machine. The best way to isolate hazardous energy is to isolate it at the energy source to dissipate all hazardous energy that could harm an affected employee.
1. A 0.4 L sample of gas is collected at a temperature of 45°C. At what temperature will the gas fill a 0.725 L container?
The temperature of sample gas that fills a 0.725L container is 576K which initially is collected in a 0.4L container at a temperature of 318K.
Given the volume of a sample gas (V1) = 0.4L
The temperature of gas (T1) = 45°C = 273 + 45 = 318K
The volume of container that fills gas (V2) = 0.725L
The temperature of gas at volume V2 = T2
We know that from ideal gas laws, the volume of gas and temperature are directly related to each other where its equation is: PV = nRT
If we assume the pressure is constant, then,
From the above equation we can say that:
V1/T1 = V2/T2
0.4/318 = 0.725/T2
T2 = 576.315K
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School while your bestfriend has missed two weeks of traveling to Zambla, you recently recieve a latter from him asking you to explain what you have been working so that he can prepare for the test next on in class Week to friend your lonisation Energy and electronegativity. 1 write Write a letter Explaing atomic Radius,
The atomic radius is the distance between the nucleus of an atom and the outside border of the electron cloud. Atomic radius falls during a period and grows down a group in general. As electron shielding remains constant over time, effective nuclear charge grows.
Why does atomic radius drop as one moves along the group?Atomic radius reduces with time because valence electrons are added to the same energy level while the nucleus increases in protons. The increased nuclear charge attracts electrons more strongly, causing them to move closer to the nucleus.
The electron enters the same shell as the atomic number grows throughout a period.
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How many moles of H2(g) are generated by the complete reaction of 0.155 g of Mg(s) with excess HCl(aq)?
Mg (1 mole) + 2HCl (2 mole) → MgCl (1 mole) + H2 (1 mole)
Therefore, 1 mole of H2(g) are generated by the complete reaction of Mg(s) with excess HCl(aq).
What does the term "reaction" signify in the context of chemistry?
When atoms establish or break chemical bonds, chemical processes take place. Reactants are the substances that begin a chemical reaction, while products are the compounds that are created as a result of the reaction.
What in chemistry is a reactant?A component that is present at the outset of a chemical reaction is known as a reactant. Products are the substance(s) to the right of the arrow. A substance that remains after a chemical reaction is complete is known as a product.
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What is the mass of KCI in a 1.50 g sample of iodized salt, which is a mixture of NaCl
and KCI) that is 60.7% KCI?
The sample of iodized salt contains 0.9105 g of KCI, which is a mixture of NaCl and KCI with a KCI content of 60.7%.
How can the mass of KCI in a 1.50 g sample of iodized salt, a mixture of NaCl and KCI with a 60.7% KCI content, be determined?KCI makes up 60.7% of the sample's total mass, and NaCl makes up the remaining portion (100% - 60.7%) of the sample's mass.
Firstly, let's determine the mass of NaCl in the sample:
NaCl mass is equal to (0.5935 g) (100% - 60.7%)*1.50 g.
We can now determine the mass of KCI:
KCI mass equals 60.7% * 1.50 g = 0.9105 g
KCI thus has a mass of 0.9105 g in the iodized salt sample.
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Molecular hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water. If you have 10.00g of oxygen and 10.0g of hydrogen react, once the reaction is complete, which reactant would you have left over and how much of it would you have left over?
The amount of hydrogen left over is 9.683 g.
Which reactant would you have left over?The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between molecular hydrogen (H₂) and oxygen (O₂) to form water (H₂O) is:
2H₂ + O₂ -> 2H₂O
The equation shows that two moles of hydrogen react with one mole of oxygen to produce two moles of water.
To determine which reactant is left over, we need to calculate how much of each reactant is required for the reaction and compare it with the actual amount provided.
The reactant that is not completely consumed will be left over.
First, we need to convert the masses of hydrogen and oxygen to moles using their respective molar masses:
Molar mass of hydrogen (H2) = 2.016 g/mol
Molar mass of oxygen (O2) = 31.9988 g/mol
Number of moles of hydrogen = 10.0 g / 2.016 g/mol = 4.96 mol
Number of moles of oxygen = 10.00 g / 31.9988 g/mol = 0.3125 mol
From the balanced equation, we can see that 2 moles of hydrogen react with 1 mole of oxygen.
Therefore, the number of moles of oxygen required to react with 4.96 moles of hydrogen is:
0.5 x 4.96 = 2.48 mol
Since we only have 0.3125 mol of oxygen, it is the limiting reactant, and hydrogen is in excess.
To find out how much hydrogen is left over, we need to calculate how much hydrogen was used in the reaction:
Number of moles of water produced = Number of moles of oxygen used = 0.3125 mol
Number of moles of hydrogen used = 0.5 x 0.3125 = 0.15625 mol
The total number of moles of hydrogen we started with was 4.96 mol, and 0.15625 mol of hydrogen was used in the reaction.
Therefore, the amount of hydrogen left over is:
4.96 mol - 0.15625 mol = 4.80375 mol
Finally, we can convert this back to a mass:
Mass of hydrogen left over = 4.80375 mol x 2.016 g/mol = 9.683 g
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Answer:
The amount of hydrogen left over is 9.683 g.
Explanation:
What is an ice core that can be used to study carbon dioxide levels in air from so long ago
Ice cores can be used to study carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere from long ago because air bubbles get trapped in the ice as it forms.
What is an ice core?An ice core is a cylindrical sample of ice that is drilled from a glacier or ice sheet. The air trapped in ice core is a record of the atmosphere's composition at the time the ice was formed, which can provide information on the past levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Scientists can extract air from these bubbles in ice cores and measure the carbon dioxide levels using a variety of techniques, including gas chromatography and laser absorption spectroscopy.
By studying the carbon dioxide levels in ice cores from different periods in history, scientists can reconstruct a timeline of past atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and compare them to current levels. This helps to inform our understanding of the Earth's climate and how it has changed over time.
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Describe the differences between lead (II) chloride and lead (IV) chloride in terms of the charges on the lead and chloride ions in each compound. Then, write the chemical formulas for each compound.
Answer:
Explanation:
Lead (II) chloride and lead (IV) chloride have different charges on the lead and chloride ions in each compound.
In lead (II) chloride, also known as plumbous chloride, the lead ion has a charge of +2 and the chloride ion has a charge of -1. The chemical formula for lead (II) chloride is PbCl2.
In lead (IV) chloride, also known as plumbic chloride, the lead ion has a charge of +4 and the chloride ion has a charge of -1. The chemical formula for lead (IV) chloride is PbCl4.
So the key difference between these two compounds is the oxidation state of the lead ion. In lead (II) chloride, the lead ion has a +2 oxidation state, while in lead (IV) chloride, the lead ion has a +4 oxidation state.
A chemist ran the reaction and obtained 5.95 g of ethyl butyrate. What was the percent yield?
the percent yield of the reaction is 7.25%. in order to obtain 5.95 g of ethyl nitrate.
How to calculate the yield percentage ?
To calculate the percent yield, we need to know the theoretical yield and the actual yield of the reaction. The theoretical yield is the maximum amount of product that can be produced based on the amount of limiting reactant used in the reaction. The actual yield is the amount of product obtained from the reaction in the lab.
Assuming the reaction is:
Ethanol + Butyric acid → Ethyl butyrate + Water
The balanced equation is:
2 C₄H₈O₂ + 2 C₂H₅OH → 2 C₆H₁₂O₂ + 2 H₂O
The molar mass of ethyl butyrate (C₆H₁₂O₂) is 144.17 g/mol.
First, we need to calculate the theoretical yield of ethyl butyrate:
1 mol of butyric acid produces 1 mol of ethyl butyrate.
The molar mass of butyric acid (C₄H₈O₂) is 88.11 g/mol.
Therefore, the theoretical yield of ethyl butyrate can be calculated as follows:
Theoretical yield = (mass of butyric acid used / molar mass of butyric acid) x (molar mass of ethyl butyrate / 2)
Let's assume the chemist used 10 g of butyric acid:
Theoretical yield = (10 g / 88.11 g/mol) x (144.17 g/mol / 2) = 81.9 g
Next, we can calculate the percent yield using the actual yield and theoretical yield:
Percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%
Given that the chemist obtained 5.95 g of ethyl butyrate, the percent yield can be calculated as follows:
Percent yield = (5.95 g / 81.9 g) x 100% = 7.25%
Therefore, the percent yield of the reaction is 7.25%.
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You add 11.00 mL of 0.700 M NaOH to 50.00 mL of pure water, and to this mixture you then add 1.00 mL of 0.200 M HCl. What will be the pH of the resulting solution?
Answer:
First, let's find the moles of NaOH:
moles NaOH = Molarity x Volume (L)
moles NaOH = 0.700 mol/L x 0.01100 L
moles NaOH = 0.00770 mol
Next, let's find the moles of HCl:
moles HCl = Molarity x Volume (L)
moles HCl = 0.200 mol/L x 0.00100 L
moles HCl = 0.00020 mol
Since NaOH and HCl react in a 1:1 ratio, we can see that all of the HCl will react with the NaOH and none will be left over. This means that the concentration of NaOH in the final solution is:
0.00770 mol / (0.01100 L + 0.05000 L) = 0.1027 M
Now we can find the pOH of the solution:
pOH = -log[OH-]
pOH = -log(0.1027)
pOH = 0.990
And finally, we can find the pH of the solution:
pH + pOH = 14
pH = 14 - 0.990
pH = 13.01
Therefore, the pH of the resulting solution is 13.01.