Answer:
- Cancer isn't a single disease. The term cancer encompasses more than 200 diseases all characterized by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells.
- Cancer cells also fail to undergo programmed cell death, or apoptosis, under conditions when normal cells would (e.g., due to DNA damage). In addition, emerging research shows that cancer cells may undergo metabolic changes that support increased cell growth and division 5start superscript, 5, end superscript.
Genetic Changes and Cancer
Genes carry the instructions to make proteins, which do much of the work in our cells. Certain gene changes can cause cells to evade normal growth controls and become cancer. For example, some cancer-causing gene changes increase production of a protein that makes cells grow.
- People who have certain jobs such as; painting, construction, pesticide and petroleum workers have an increased risk of cancer. Many studies have shown that exposure to asbestos, benzene, benzidine, cadmium, nickel, arsenic, radon and vinyl chloride in the workplace can cause cancer.
- Metastatic cancer causes most cancer deaths, but exactly why it is so difficult to treat is not precisely understood. Metastatic tumors often acquire additional genetic changes from those in the primary tumors that spawned them, and these genetic characteristics may cause them to resist standard treatments.
- Treating cancer is further complicated due to the lifestyle and attitude of patients, the different physiology of people and the rate their bodies will metabolise drugs, the blood supply to the tumour affecting the drug getting into the tumour, the tumour physiology and the fact that the tumour can continue to change.
- The stage of a cancer describes the size of a tumour and how far it has spread from where it originated. The grade describes the appearance of the cancerous cells.
- Cancer treatment options include:
Surgery. The goal of surgery is to remove the cancer or as much of the cancer as possible.
Chemotherapy. Chemotherapy uses drugs to kill cancer cells.
Radiation therapy. ...
Bone marrow transplant. ...
Immunotherapy. ...
Hormone therapy. ...
Targeted drug therapy. ...
Cryoablation.
- Cancer treatments on the horizon
Current treatments. There are many treatments currently available to treat different types of cancers. ...
Biological therapy. ...
Haematopoietic growth factors. ...
Stem cell and bone marrow transplants. ...
Individual hormonal drugs. ...
Monoclonal antibodies. ...
Surgery. ...
Clinical trials.
- Treating cancer is further complicated due to the lifestyle and attitude of patients, the different physiology of people and the rate their bodies will metabolise drugs, the blood supply to the tumour affecting the drug getting into the tumour, the tumour physiology and the fact that the tumour can continue to change.
Explanation:
MY INTRODUCTION ARE ANSWERS TO ALL YOUR QUESTIONS (your question is too long)
PLEASE HELP :(
ANSWER ALL 14 QUESTIONS WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST!
Chemical Energy and Food
1. Cellular respiration begins with a pathway called_______.
2. Is the following sentence true or false? Glycolysis releases less energy than aerobic respiration.
Overview of Cellular Respiration
3. Explain cellular respiration in your own words.
4. What is the equation for cellular respiration, using chemical formulas?
Fermentation
5. What is fermentation?
6. Because fermentation does not require oxygen, it is said to be____________.
7. What are the two main types of fermentation?
a.
b.
8. Explain the process of alcoholic fermentation.
9. During rapid exercise, how do your muscle cells produce ATP?
Energy and Exercise
10. When a runner needs quick energy for a short race, what source can supply enough ATP for about 90 seconds?
11. Why does a sprinter have an oxygen debt to repay after the race is over?
Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
12. If photosynthesis is the process that deposits energy in a savings account, then
what is cellular respiration?
13. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration opposite in terms of carbon
dioxide?
14. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration opposite in terms of oxygen?
produces less energy than aerobic respiration.
Answer:
1. Glycolysis
2.false (not sure)
3. Cellular respiration is the process through which cells convert sugars into energy.
4 C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H20 + energy (Glucose + Oxygen yields Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy)
5. Fermentation is a chemical process by which carbohydrates, such as starch and glucose, are broken down anaerobically.
6 anaerobic
7 alcoholic and lactic acid.
8 Alcoholic fermentation is a biotechnological process accomplished by yeast, some kinds of bacteria, or a few other microorganisms to convert sugars into ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide. ... Alcoholic fermentation begins with the breakdown of sugars by yeasts to form pyruvate molecules, which is also known as glycolysis.
9 In this reaction, a phosphate group (in red) is transferred from phosphocreatine to ADP to form ATP very rapidly, allowing muscle contraction to continue for about 10 seconds. When phosphocreatine is depleted, the muscles must turn to metabolism of fuel molecules to produce more ATP to power physical activity.
10 At this point, the runners' muscle cells are producing most of their ATP by lactic acid fermentation, which can usually supply enough ATP to last about 90 seconds.
12 After that, the body begins to break down other stored molecules, including fats, for energy. If photosynthesis is the process that "deposits" energy in a "savings account," then what is cellular respiration? It is the process that "withdraws" energy.
13 Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis are almost opposite processes because photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere while cellular respiration puts back carbon dioxide. Cellular respiration uses oxygen and has it's waste product of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Explanation:
sorry sa 11 at 14 dq nasagutan
Mrs. Franklin's science class is conducting an experiment with corn plants. The students planted 100 corn kernels. Green plants sprouted from 78 of the kernels. The other 22 kernels grew into white plants, which contained no chlorophyll. What inference can be made about the genotype of the corn? A White color is dominant over green. B Green color and white color are equally recessive. C White color and green color are equally dominant. D Green color is dominant over white.
Answer:
D- Green color is dominant over white
Explanation:
For a heterozygous cross, the dominant one will show around 75% of the time where the recessive will show around 25% and 78 and 22 and very close to those numbers!
Hope this helps!
Check the statements below that provide evidence for the endosymbiosis theory
The DNA in the nucleus and mitochondria are the same.
This is not exactly true, although they are similar. This is not a correct option.
The following three are correct options:
Mitochondria and chloroplasts grow independently from the cell.
This is true, and supports the idea that they previously existed as their own organisms.
Prokaryotic cells, mitochondria, and chloroplasts are all the same size.
All three organisms/organelles are roughly the same size, which supports the idea that chloroplasts and mitochondria are descendants or prokaryotes.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own ribosomes.This is true as well.
Construct a Venn diagram that compares and contrasts sexual and asexual reproduction.
Include the following phrases:
haploid (n)
diploid (2n)
gamete
somatic
mitosis
meiosis
cell division
chromosomes separate
genetically identical
genetically different
The Venn diagram makes a comparison between categories. Intersection: Cell division/Asexual: diploid, somatic, mitosis, genetically identica/Sexual: haploid, gamete, meiosis, chromosomes separate , genetically different.
------------
A Venn Diagram is represented as two or more circles with some degree of superposition between them. It is used to make comparisons expressing similitudes and differences between things.
Each circle represents a category -in this example, sexual and asexual reproduction-.
The superposed area is named intersection and shows things in common between the two categories.
We already know that sexual reproduction occurs by the process of meiosis, while asexual reproduction occurs by mitosis.
In superior organisms, there are two types of cells: Somatic cells and germ cells.
The somatic cells are diploid (2n), meaning that each cell has a pair of equal chromosomes. The somatic cells are all the body cells except for the sexual ones, and they reproduce by the process of mitosis.
In somatic cells, one of the sets of chromosomes is inherited from the maternal side, while the other homologous set of chromosomes is inherited from the paternal side. Hence, the number of chromosomes in these double sets of the somatic cells is diploid, 2n.
Mitosis is a process through which, from a diploid somatic cell (2n), two identical daughter diploid cells (2n) are produced.
First, occurs duplication of the cell content, and then the separation into two new cells happens.
Germ cells suffer mitosis and meiosis.
Through meiosis, germ cells produce gametes, called sperm and egg cells, through the gametogenesis process.
Gametes are haploid (n) with half the number of chromosomes that might be found in the somatic cells.
During gamete formation, the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate after crossing over. Then, sister chromatids also separate. The result is the formation of four gametes.
Each gamete has different information from the combination of homologous chromosomes belonging to the father and to the mother.
Gametes' destiny is to merge in the process of fecundation, during which a new diploid cell called zygote emerges through fertilization.
The zygote is a complete cell that suffers successive mitosis to form the new organism.
Venn Diagram
Intersection area: Cell divisionAsexual: diploid, somatic, mitosis, genetically identicalSexual: haploid, gamete, meiosis, chromosomes separate , genetically different.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Help me this is 20% of my finals grade I know it’s a lot but I’m desperate!!!!
Onion root cell 3 is the closest to the completion of the cell cycle. Mitosis is
the type of cell division which involves the production of two identical
daughter cells.
Telophase is regarded as the final stage of mitosis before cytokinesis takes
place. In this phase, the chromosomes decondense and the spindle breaks
down.
There is also formation of two new nuclei of the daughter cells which are
separated by the newly formed nuclear membrane which is evident in the
onion root cell 3 thus making it the most appropriate choice.
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please help this is for a presentation.. Is the spongy parenchyma cell unicellular or multicellular?
Drew has invested in Iwad Records. He owns three par value $1,000 bonds from them, which are currently selling for 99. 773. He also owns 600 shares of Iwad Records stock, the current value of which is $5. 28 per share. If, when Drew made his investment, Iwad Records bonds had a market price of 94. 561 and stock in the same company sold for $5. 00 per share, which investment has increased in value more, and by how much? a. The value of Drew’s bonds has increased by $4. 83 more than the value of his stocks. B. The value of Drew’s bonds has increased by $9. 87 more than the value of his stocks. C. The value of Drew’s stocks has increased by $11. 64 more than the value of his bonds. D. The value of Drew’s stocks has increased by $34. 92 more than the value of his bonds.
The value of Drew's stocks has increased by $11.64 more than the value of his bonds.
State reactants and products by either photosynthesis OR cellular
respiration (you do not have to do both!) Be sure to specify the reactants
and the products. For example: The reactants of
and the products are
are
Factors affecting transpiration with celery experiment results
Explanation:
factor affecting transpiration are
air movement increase remove water vapour from leaf surface more water the fuel from the leaf.
light intensity increaseincrease the rate of photosynthesis stomata open show that water diffuse out of the leaf
human sperm and egg cells that have 23 chromosomes are called
Answer:
The term haploid can also refer to the number of chromosomes in egg or sperm cells, which are also called gametes. In humans, gametes are haploid cells that contain 23 chromosomes, each of which a one of a chromosome pair that exists in diplod cells.
Explanation:
Drag each tile to the correct box.
Put the stages of the nitrogen cycle in their correct order.
Fixation or volatilization, mineralization, nitrification, immobilization, and denitrification.
The sequence is as follow: Fixation, Nitrification, Assimilation, Ammonification and Dentrification.
What is a nitrogen cycle?The nitrogen cycle is the process by which nitrogen is converted into different chemical forms and moves between the biosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere. The stages of the nitrogen cycle, in order, are:
Nitrogen fixation: Nitrogen gas in the atmosphere is converted into a usable form, such as ammonia or nitrite, by nitrogen-fixing bacteria.
Nitrification: Ammonia or nitrite is converted into nitrate by nitrifying bacteria.
Assimilation: Nitrate is taken up by plants and converted into organic nitrogen compounds, such as proteins and nucleic acids, through the process of assimilation.
Ammonification: Organic nitrogen compounds are broken down by decomposers, such as bacteria and fungi, into ammonia or amino acids.
Denitrification: Ammonia or nitrite is converted back into nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria, completing the cycle.
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Identify the tree main parts of the model, and the four spheres that are used to organise concepts in two of these parts?
Answer:
Lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere
Explanation:
The name of each of these sphere come from the Greek word that describe what they are made of ,Geo, for ground, hydro for water,bio
The element present in the chlorophyll pigment is
Answer:
full ques..please.. not understanding
Answer:
magnesium atom
Explanation:
The chlorophyll molecule consists of a central magnesium atom surrounded by a nitrogen-containing structure called a porphyrin ring; attached to the ring is a long carbon–hydrogen side chain, known as a phytol chain.
which hormone causes follicles to release their eggs for fertilization
Answer:
Luteinizing hormone (LH), the other reproductive pituitary hormone, aids in egg maturation and provides the hormonal trigger to cause ovulation and the release of eggs from the ovary.
Answer:
Luteinizing hormone
Explanation:
Luteinizing hormone (LH), the other reproductive pituitary hormone, aids in egg maturation and provides the hormonal trigger to cause ovulation and the release of eggs from the ovary
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Functional groups
Answer: I don't have a definitive answer for this question but I do have a helpful explanation.
Explanation: Try to find out what each letter means and organize the elements by how they connect to each other. If you don't know you can research to find a diagram that can help show you how to connect these functional elements. You could try searching how do you find the elements of HOH in a diagram.
which is the primary advantage to sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
Answer:
Sexual reproduction is typically advantageous over asexual reproduction because the environment is constantly changing. Sexual reproduction allows new combinations of genes to form. This greater genetic diversity increases the phenotypic variation: that is, it increases the physical variety of the organisms.
Explanation:
Food enters the human body through the _____ and leaves through the _____.
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Allegators are at top(5 stairs up)
Photoplanktons are 5 stairs down
So they produce 500,000,000lbsCopepods receive
500000000/1050000000lbsSmall fishes recieve
50000000/105000000lbslarge fishes recieve
5000000/10500000lbsAllegators recieve
500000/1050000lbsOption B
Define Digestive System
Ellen held a substance that is comprised of elements that have been chemically joined. The substance now has different properties than the elements that were joined to make it. Ellen is most likely holding a
a. compound
b. water molecule
c. single atom
d. mixture
Answer:
I'm going to go with a mixture sorry If this is wrong
Explanation:
Get my Joke right u get brainlyest:
How do cows walk?
Explain the variation and distribution of expressed traits in a population in regards to the Sama-Bajau people and enlarged spleen. How does having an enlarged spleen benefit?
It is common for Sama-Banjou people to have an enlarged spleen, this is the result of environmental factors as a larger spleen helps them to dive better.
In most people, an enlarged spleen is not common and it is often related to specific conditions and diseases. Due to this, the percentage of people with an enlarged spleen is quite low.
Despite this, it has been found many Sama-Banjou people have an enlarged spleen and this is the result of environmental factors. Indeed, Sama-Banjou people have relied on diving to survive for centuries as they collect seashells from the seafloor.
This condition has led to bigger spleens, these bigger spleens increase the amount of oxygen while diving, and therefore, help them to dive for longer periods.
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the protein that carries oxygen in our blood is known as
Iron is a component of hemoglobin, which enables it to absorb oxygen from the air we breathe and transport it throughout the body.
What is Hemoglobin?The iron-containing oxygen-transporting metalloprotein known as hemoglobin, often known by the abbreviations Hb or Hgb, is found in the red blood cells of almost all vertebrates as well as some invertebrate organs. The oxygen from the respiratory organs is transported to the rest of the body by hemoglobin in the blood.
The normal ranges for haemoglobin are different for males and females, and they also vary depending on the ethnicity of the population. Additionally, age is a factor, particularly for women.
When you have anemia, your body doesn't produce enough healthy red blood cells to supply your tissues with enough oxygen. Anemia, commonly known as low hemoglobin, can make you feel exhausted and frail.
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how does carbon move through the system when in the dark?
Which model below shows the positions of the Sun, Moon, and Earth that have the greatest effect on ocean tides?
Answer:
Below!
Explanation:
Referring to the picture, we can conclude that the picture J will have the most effect on ocean tides.
Whichever model is similar to model J in the picture will be your answer.
Hoped this helped.
[tex]BrainiacUser1357[/tex]
The model that shows the positions of the Sun, Moon, and Earth that have the greatest effect on ocean tides is the spring tide model.
What happen during the spring season?During spring tides, the Sun, Moon, and Earth are in alignment, which causes the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon to reinforce each other, leading to higher high tides and lower low tides.
Spring tides occur twice a month, during the new moon phase and the full moon phase.
In contrast, neap tides occur when the Sun, Moon, and Earth form a right angle, which causes the gravitational pull of the Sun and Moon to counteract each other.
This leads to lower high tides and higher low tides. Neap tides also occur twice a month, during the first and third quarter moon phases.
It's important to note that the positions of the Sun, Moon, and Earth aren't the only factors that affect ocean tides. Other factors, such as the shape of the coastline and the depth of the ocean floor, can also influence the height and timing of tides in a particular area.
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the production of alcohol by yeast cells is the result of
Answer:
Fermentation
Explanation:
Hope this helps!
The production of alcohol by yeast cells is the result of anaerobic respiration. The correct option is D).
What are anaerobic respirations?All living cells undergo respiration, a chemical activity that releases energy from glucose. Without oxygen, anaerobic respiration occurs and produces less energy but does it more quickly. Fermentation refers to anaerobic respiration in microorganisms.
When you work out vigorously, your muscles engage in anaerobic respiration. Compared to aerobic respiration, less energy is released because glucose is not completely broken down.
During intense activity, lactic acid accumulates in the muscles. Later, the lactic acid must be oxidized to produce carbon dioxide and water.
Therefore, the correct option is D) Anaerobic respiration.
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The question is incomplete. Your most probably complete question is given below:
A) Darkness B) Aerobic respiration C) Photosynthesis D) Anaerobic respiration
100 points, help yo boi out in Science, Giving brainy to best answer!!!!
Question 1 :
In one to two sentences, explain why low-pressure systems are associated with bad weather?
Question 2:
In 1–2 sentences, explain what biome comprises most of Antarctica and why the continent is described as being part of this biome.
Answer:
question 1
Low-pressure areas are places where the atmosphere is relatively thin. Winds blow inward toward these areas. This causes air to rise, producing clouds and condensation. Low-pressure areas tend to be well-organized storms
question 2
Scientists that work in Antarctica mostly refer to the majority of the continent as being cold desert or polar desert. The difference between cold and polar desert is very technical, mainly dealing with mineral salt chemistry.
Explanation:
hope this helps!
what is the highest temperature a human can survive
Answer:
The highest temperature a human can survive is 108.14 degree Fahrenheit or 42.3 degree Celsius
Explanation:
A higher temperature may denature proteins and cause irreparable damage to brain.
Animals make the ______________ that plants need, and plants make the ______________ that animals need.
how the development of the microscope played an important part in helping to convince people that mendel was right
The microscope can be used to demonstrate the segregation of chromosomes during cell division. The law of segregation of characters is a Mendel's Law.
Each allele or gene variant is located at a specific chromosome location known as a gene locus.
The Law of Segregation indicates how one offspring receives one allele from each parent for each locus in a diploid organism.
The development of microscopy confirmed the idea that offspring receives one allele (which is located at a specific chromosome) from each parent for each gene locus.
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