​Researchers Wilt et al. (New England Journal of Medicine, 2012) investigated whether surgery, compared to just observation, was (more) effective in improving men’s survival chances after being diagnosed with prostate cancer. The researchers identified 731 men with localized prostate cancer who volunteered to participate. They randomly assigned 364 men to surgery and the remaining 367 to observation. All participants were followed for about 10 years. In those 10 years, 21 surgery recipients died of prostate cancer related reasons compared to 31 observation recipients.
1. Identify the observational units.
A. Men.
B. Men with prostate cancer.
C. Men with prostate cance.
D. Men with prostate cancer who received observation r who underwent surgery.
2. What type of study is this?
A. Experiment.
B. Observational study.
3. What is the primary purpose of random assignment in this type of study?
A. To ensure that subjects are representative of the popu lation of interest.
B. To ensure that the groups are of equal sizes.
C. To create treatment groups that are alike in all aspects zes except for the treatment administered.
D. To improve accuracy of results.
4. Identify the explanatory variable.
A. Whether or not man dies of prostate cancer related reasons.
B. Whether or not man undergoes surgery.
C. Percentage of men who die of prostate cancer related reasons.
D. The number o f men who undergo surgery and the number of men who are just observed.
5. Identify the response variable.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

(1) B

(2) A

(3) C

(4) B

Step-by-step explanation:

(1)

The observational units in this study are the men with prostate cancer.

(2)

As the study involves a treatment and a control group, it is an experimental study.

(3)

The primary purpose of random assignment in this type of study is to create treatment groups that are alike in all aspects except for the treatment administered.

(4)

The explanatory variable or the independent variable, is the variable that is altered to observe the changes in the dependent variable.

The explanatory variable in this case is whether or not man undergoes surgery.

(5)

The response variable or the dependent variable is the variable that is being observed for any changes for the given treatments.

The response variable in this case is whether or not man dies of prostate cancer related reasons.


Related Questions

Find the exponential function evaluate of
Y=2.5x

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

Graph the line using the slope and y-intercept, or two points.

Slope: 2.52.5

y-intercept: (0,0)

x y

0 0

1 2.5

The perimeter of a playing field for a certain sport is 214 ft. The field is a rectangle, and the length is 41 ft longer than the width. Find the dimensions

The width of the playing field is

(Type an integer or a decimal)

Answers

Step-by-step explanation:

Perimeter of a rectangle = 2(L+W)

L is the length of the rectangle:

W is the width of the rectangle.

Given

Perimeter = 214feet

If the length is 41 ft longer than the width, then L = 41+W

Substitute L = 41+W into the formula:

P = 2(L+W)

214 = 2(41+W+W)

214 = 2(41+2W)

214 = 82+4W

4W = 214-82

4W = 132

W = 132/4

W = 33 feet

Since L = 41+W

L = 41+33

L = 74 feet

Hence the dimension of the field is 74ft by 33ft

The width of the playing field is 33feet

Substitute the given values into the given formula and solve for the unknown variable. If necessary, round to one decimal place

1 = PRT;1 = 5040, P = 24,000, R=0.07 (Simple interest formula)

Answers

Answer:

T = Time = 3 years

Step-by-step explanation:

1 = PRT;

1 = Simple Interest = 5040

P = Principal = 24,000

R = Rate = 0.07

T = Time (years) = ? Unknown variable

Making T subject of the formula

T = 1/PR

T = 5040/24,000 × 0.07

T = 5040/1680

T = 3 years

The width of a rectangle is 1 ft less than the length. The area is 30 ft2. Find the length and the width.

Answers

Answer:

the anwer is 5*6

a rising unemployment rate affect a society by:
A. discouraging busissnesses from investing
B.making it harder for citizens to find jobs
C. causing inflation rates to rise rapidly.
D.reducing the value of a country's currency

Answers

Answer: B

Step-by-step explanation:

just took the quiz

A rising unemployment rate affect a society by making it harder for citizens to find jobs.

What is Unemployment?

The term unemployment refers to a situation where a person actively searches for employment but is unable to find work.

As, we know that unemployment means the shortage of jobs for the citizens.

So, rising unemployment rate in society creating trouble for the citizens to find jobs.

Learn more about unemployment here:

https://brainly.com/question/14227610

#SPJ2

Some one please help it’s subtracting fractions

Answers

Convert any mixed numbers to fractions.

Then you get your initial equation

Applying the fractions formula for subtraction

Simplifying 72/16, the answer is

4 1/2

PLEASE HELP!?!?!

a. c + 7 less than or equal to 3


b. c – 3 > 1


c. c – 7 < 3


Matching


Match the inequality to the graph of its solution.

Answers

It’s b hope that helped have a great night

Simplify (4.5)(5)(−2).

Group of answer choices

45

4.5

−4.5

−45

Answers

Answer: -45

Steps: 4.5 × 5 × -2 = -45

Plz mark brainliest:)

Will give brainliest!
a
(1, 3) and (2, 7)
b
(3, 8) and (5, 12)
c
(1, 3) and (6, 13)
d
(5, 12) and (6, 13)

Answers

Answer:

B

Step-by-step explanation:

I think its B because the line would be closest to the rest of the dots in the graph. I hope its right!

Tree heights: Cherry trees in a certain orchard have heights that are normally distributed with mean μ = 112 inches and standard deviation σ = 10 inches. Use the TI-84 PLUS calculator to answer the following. Round the answers to at least two decimals. (a) Find the 22nd percentile of the tree heights. (b) Find the 80th percentile of the tree heights. (c) Find the first quartile of the tree heights. (d) An agricultural scientist wants to study the tallest 1% of the trees to determine whether they have a certain gene that allows them to grow taller. To do this, she needs to study all the trees above a certain height. What height is this? Part: 0 / 40 of 4 Parts Complete Part 1 of 4 Find the 22nd percentile of the tree heights. The 22nd percentile of tree heights is inches.

Answers

Answer:

Explained below.

Step-by-step explanation:

Let X represents the tree heights.

It is provided that X follows a normal distribution with mean μ = 112 inches and standard deviation σ = 10 inches.

(a)

Compute the 22nd percentile of the tree heights as follows:

[tex]P(X<x)=0.22\\\\P(Z<z)=0.22[/tex]

The z-score for the corresponding probability is, z = -0.77.

Compute the value of x as follows:

[tex]z=\frac{x-\mu}{\sigma}\\\\-0.77=\frac{x-112}{10}\\\\x=112-(0.77\times 10)\\\\x=104.3[/tex]

Thus, the 22nd percentile of the tree heights is 104.3 inches.

(b)

Compute the 80th percentile of the tree heights as follows:

[tex]P(X<x)=0.80\\\\P(Z<z)=0.80[/tex]

The z-score for the corresponding probability is, z = 0.84.

Compute the value of x as follows:

[tex]z=\frac{x-\mu}{\sigma}\\\\0.84=\frac{x-112}{10}\\\\x=112+(0.84\times 10)\\\\x=120.4[/tex]

Thus, the 80th percentile of the tree heights is 120.4 inches.

(c)

Compute the first quartile of the tree heights as follows:

[tex]P(X<x)=0.25\\\\P(Z<z)=0.25[/tex]

The z-score for the corresponding probability is, z = -0.67.

Compute the value of x as follows:

[tex]z=\frac{x-\mu}{\sigma}\\\\-0.67=\frac{x-112}{10}\\\\x=112-(0.67\times 10)\\\\x=113.3[/tex]

Thus, the first quartile of the tree heights is 113.3 inches.

(d)

The tallest 1% of the trees, i.e. P (X > x) = 0.01.

That is, P (X < x) = 0.99.

⇒ P (Z < z) = 0.99

The corresponding z-value is, z = 2.33.

Compute the value of x as follows:

[tex]z=\frac{x-\mu}{\sigma}\\\\0.99=\frac{x-112}{10}\\\\x=112+(0.99\times 10)\\\\x=121.9[/tex]

Thus, the tallest 1% of the trees are more than 121.9 inches tall.

We invested $10000 into two bank accounts. One account earns 14% per year, the
other account earns 8% per year. How much did we invest into each account if after
the first year, the combined interest from the two accounts is $1238?


HELP ME

Answers

Answer:

Hi, there--

THE PROBLEM:

We invested $10,000 in 2 bank accounts. One account earns 14% per year the other earns 8%

per year. How much did we invest into each account if after the first year, the combined

interest from the 2 accounts is $1238?

A SOLUTION:

Define Variables:

Let x be the amount you originally invested in the first account.

Let y be the amount you originally invested in the second account.

Write Expressions and Equations:

Since you invested a total of $10,00 in two accounts. An equation that represents this is

x + y = 10000

One account (say the first one) earns 14% per year. Recall that the decimal form of 14% is

0.14. An expression for the amount of interest you earn after the first year in this account is

0.14x.

The other account earns 8% per year. The decimal representation of 8% is 0.08. The amount

of interest you earn after one year in this account is 0.08y.

The combine interest from both account after one year is $1238. An equation representing

the total interest earned is

0.14x + 0.08y = 1238

Now we have a system of two equations with two variables. We can solve for x and y. Rewrite

the first equation in "y=" form.

x + y = 10000

y = 10000 - x

Substitute 10000-x for y in the second equation.

0.14x + 0.08y = 1238

0.14x + 0.08(10000 - x) = 1238

Solve this equation for x. Use the Distributive Property to clear parentheses.

0.14x + 800 - 0.08x = 1238

Combine like terms (0.14x-0.08x is 0.06x).

0.06x + 800 = 1238

Subtract 800 to both sides to isolate x on the left.

0.06x = 1238 - 800

0.06x = 438

Divide both sides of the equation by 0.06.

x = 438/0.06

x = 7300

In the context of this problem, x=7300 means that you invested $7300 in the first account.

Since you invested a total of $10000, you invested 10000-7300=$2700 in the second account.

Check your work by verifying that these amounts will yield the correct amount of interest.

Substitute 7300 for x and 2700 for y in the interest equation.

0.14x + 0.08y = 1238

0.14(7300) + 0.08(2700) = 1238

1022 + 216 = 1238

1238 = 1238

Check!

Hope this helps! Feel free to email if you have any questions about the

7th grade math help me plzzzz

Answers

Answer:

a) -16

b)7

c) -4

d) 9

Step-by-step explanation:

by solving

9.831 rounded to the nearest tenth

Answers

Answer:

9.8

Can i get brainliest please?

Answer:

9.8

Step-by-step explanation:

Hoped that helped :)

I need help asap with my math

Answers

Answer:

The first and the third one are correct.

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer: 1 & 3 are proportional relationships

Help please zearn is so hardddd

Answers

Answer:

1000-20

Step-by-step explanation:

Use a number line to show the sum of 6+(-7) ?

Answers

Answer:

-1

Step-by-step explanation:

When you make the number line, go to the middle then move left once. Then mark that  " -1 " and you put the dot over that.

It's hard to explain how to write number lines.

Anyways, the problem equals -1 because 6-7 is negative 1. The + is there to confuse you.

Mark brainliest if possible please :)

Please help please ​

Answers

Answer:

1.) supplementary  m<1+m<2=180 and m<2+m<3=180

2.) congruent, supplementary

Step-by-step explanation:

the answers are in this order above

help and ill give u brainly And points ASAp

Answers

i’ll help you, but the image isn’t popping up

Find the slope of the line through the points (3,2) and (4,5).

Answers

Answer:

[tex]m=3[/tex]

Step-by-step explanation:

Slope Formula: [tex]m=\frac{y_2-y_1}{x_2-x_1}[/tex]

Simply plug in the 2 coordinates into the slope formula to find slope m:

[tex]m=\frac{5-2}{4-3}[/tex]

[tex]m=\frac{3}{1}[/tex]

[tex]m=3[/tex]

4.20. According to a report released by the National Center for Health Statistics, 51% of U.S. households has only cell phones (no land line). According to the FCC, nearly 70% of the U.S. households have high-speed Internet. Suppose of the U.S. households having only cell phones, 80% have high-speed Internet. A U.S household is randomly selected. a. What is the probability that the household has only cell phones and has high-speed Internet

Answers

Answer:

The probability that the household has only cell phones and has high-speed Internet is 0.408

Step-by-step explanation:

Let A be the event that represents U.S. households has only cell phones

Let B be the event that represents U.S. households have high-speed Internet.

We are given that 51% of U.S. households has only cell phones

P(A)=0.51

We are given that 70% of the U.S. households have high-speed Internet.

P(B)=0.7

We are given that U.S. households having only cell phones, 80% have high-speed Internet. A U.S household is randomly selected.

P(B|A)=0.8

[tex]\frac{P(A\capB)}{P(A)}=0.8\\P(A\capB)=0.8 \times P(A)\\P(A\capB)=0.8 \times 0.51\\P(A\capB)=0.408[/tex]

Hence the probability that the household has only cell phones and has high-speed Internet is 0.408

What is the distance between the points -30, -10 and -30, 19 in the xy plane?
A: 9 units
B: 20 units
C: 29 units
D: 49 units

Answers

I’m not sure but I thinks is 49

Answer:

29 units..

Step-by-step explanation:

well i don't know how to insert an image of the answer...but I did it...its (c): 29 units

Do you guys know the answer?

Answers

EFGH is twice the size of ABCD

what is the largest six digit number you can make that ends in an even number using 134569.

Answers

Answer:

965314

Step-by-step explanation:

Please mark me brainlest and hope that help (=

What is
41/6
as a mixed number in simplest form?
Enter your answer in the box.

Answers

Answer:

6 1/6

Step-by-step explanation:

six goes into 42 seven times that leaves you with one number so it can go in six times evenly and that leaves you with 1/6

The answer is as a mixed number is 6 1/6

There are four different sets of objects shown in the answer choices. Select all of the sets of objects that could be modeled by perpendicular lines. Two roads that meet at an intersection. The top of a desk and the floor. A tree and its shadow on the ground. Two stars seen in the sky.

Answers

Answer:

Step-by-step explanation:

Select all of the object sets that could be modelled by perpendicular lines.

A perpendicular line is one that divides a 180 degrees line (or a straight line) into two; creating 90 degrees on one hand and 90 degrees on the other.

OPTIONS:

(A) APPLICABLE

Two roads that meet at an intersection can be modelled by perpendicular lines. Use the definition above as a yardstick.

(B) APPLICABLE

The top of the desk to the floor will represent the dividing line while the floor itself will be the 180° line.

(C) NOT APPLICABLE

A tree and its shadow on the ground will only form a right-angled triangle

(D) NOT APPLICABLE

Two stars seen in the sky cannot be modelled by perpendicular lines. They can only be modelled by a straight line; a line which extends from the first star to the other.  

Mrs. Olen wants to join a gym. Francis Lewis Gym charges a new member fee of $150 plus $10 each month. Clintonville Gym charges a new member fee of $50 plus $35 each month.

Answers

Answer:Step-by-step explanation:

a. Let x = number of months

Amount charged by Francis Lewis Gym = 150 + 10x

Amount charged by Clintonville Gym = 50 + 35x

Set each expression equal to the other to generate an equation to use in finding the number of months for which the cost of membership will be the same at both months

150 + 10x = 50 + 35x

Collect like terms

150 - 50 = -10x + 35x

100 = 25x

Divide both sides by 25

100/25 = x

4 = x

Answer: 4 months

b. Substitute x = 2 into each if the expression of the amount charged by each gym. The one that gives the lowest amount should be the one Mrs. Open should should join.

Amount charged by Francis Lewis Gym = 150 + 10x

= 150 + 10(2)

= 150 + 20

= $170

Amount charged by Clintonville Gym = 50 + 35x

= 50 + 35(2)

= 50 + 70

= $120

She should join the Clintonville Gym if she plans to join a gym for 2 months.

Answer: Clintonville Gym

Choose the true statement.

Answers

The first one is the correct one

Answer:

-8 < 8

Step-by-step explanation:

-8 is less than 0 so it is definitely less than 8

Hope this helped :)

The sum of two numbers is 61. The smaller number is 7 less than the larger number. What are the numbers?
Larger number:
Smaller number:

Answers

Answer:

divide by 2 equals 30.5 minus 7 equals to 23,5

Step-by-step explanation:

smaller is 23,5

B is 37.5

78 feet wide and 27 feet long what is the perimeter?

Answers

Answer:

105

Step-by-step explanation:

When finding the perimeter add them together

How many people are in the set Cn D?
4
6
36
38

Answers

Answer: A.) 4 people

Step-by-step explanation:

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