Question 1:1 11 marks] It has been claimed that more than 40% of all shoppers can identify a highly advertised trademark. 16. in a random sample, 13 of 18 shoppers were able to identify the trademark. At the a = 0.01 level of significance that is there enough evidence to reject the claim?

Based on the provided information, f'(x) changes from positive to negative at x=1, indicating that the function has a local maximum at this point.

Since y=f(x) is continuous for all real numbers and the interval is [0, ∞), there is an absolute maximum at x=1. The best description of the absolute extrema is: "There is an absolute maximum at x=1." Based on the sign chart for the first derivative, we know that the function is increasing from negative infinity to x=-1, and then decreasing from x=-1 to positive infinity. This means that there is an absolute maximum at x=-1 since the function is increasing to that point and decreasing after it. Therefore, the correct statement is: "There is an absolute maximum at x=-1."

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To approximate f'(0.6) using the Second Derivative Midpoint Formula with the given table data points and h = 0.06, follow these steps:

1. Identify the relevant data points: f(0.54), f(0.6), and f(0.66).
2. Apply the Second Derivative Midpoint Formula: f'(0.6) ≈ (f(0.66) - 2f(0.6) + f(0.54)) / (h^2).

Unfortunately, I cannot provide a specific answer without the values for f(0.54), f(0.6), and f(0.66).

Please provide these values, and I will gladly help you complete the calculation.

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The probability that the number 1 appears less than 123 times, given that the number 4 appears exactly 128 times and the number 2 appears exactly 160 times, is approximately 0.9989

To solve this problem, we can use the binomial distribution with n=1000 and [tex]p=\frac{1}{6}[/tex] for each roll of the fair die.

Let X be the number of times the number 1 appears in 1000 rolls. Then X follows a binomial distribution with parameters n=1000 and [tex]p=\frac{1}{6}[/tex].

We want to find P(X < 123), given that the number 4 appears exactly 128 times and the number 2 appears exactly 160 times.

First, we can use the fact that the total number of rolls is 1000 to find the number of remaining rolls:

Remaining rolls = 1000 - (128 + 160) = 712

Next, we can find the number of rolls that are not 1:

Non-1 rolls = 1000 - X

We know that the number 2 appears exactly 160 times, which means that the number of non-2 rolls is:

Non-2 rolls = 1000 - 160 = 840

Similarly, the number of non-4 rolls is:

Non-4 rolls = 1000 - 128 = 872

Since all rolls are independent, we can find the probability that the number 1 appears less than 123 times by using the binomial distribution with parameters n=712 and [tex]p=\frac{5}{6}[/tex] (the probability that a roll is not 1). Thus, we have:

P(X < 123 | X=128, 2=160) = P(Non-1 rolls < 589)

= P(Binomial(712,[tex]\frac{5}{6}[/tex] ) < 589)

=0.9989

Therefore, the probability that the number 1 appears less than 123 times, given that the number 4 appears exactly 128 times and the number 2 appears exactly 160 times, is approximately 0.9989.

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The value of y when the value of x is 1, can be found to be 60 miles.

As depicted in the graph, an augmented consumption of gallons of fuel by the hybrid vehicle concomitantly correlates to an increase in mileage capacity.

Concretely, according to our research data, we confirm that for every gallon expended, there is a mileage expansion rate of 60 units. Hence, when the quantity x equals 1, it implies usage of one gallon only.

Accordingly, empirical evidence suggests that traveling precisely sixty miles remains possible on utilization of one gallon which thus confirms the efficiency of using hybrid cars as a viable option.

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The solution to the given Partial differential equation is u(x,y) = y

What is Partial differential equation?

A partial differential equation (PDE) is a mathematical equation that involves two or more independent variables, an unknown function, and its partial derivatives with respect to the independent variables.

To solve the given partial differential equation using the method of characteristics, we need to find the solution along the characteristic curves.

Let dx/dt = x, dy/dt = y

Using the chain rule, we have:

∂u/∂x = ∂u/∂t * dt/dx = ∂u/∂t * 1/x

∂u/∂y = ∂u/∂t * dt/dy = ∂u/∂t * 1/y

Substituting these values in the given PDE, we get:

x * (∂u/∂t * 1/x) + y * (∂u/∂t * 1/y) = 0

∂u/∂t = 0

This means that u is constant along the characteristic curves, which are given by:

dx/x = dy/y

Integrating both sides, we get:

ln|x| = ln|y| + C1

x = C2 * y

where C1 and C2 are integration constants.

Using the boundary condition u(1,y) = y, we get:

u(x,y) = y = C2 * y

C2 = 1

Therefore, the solution to the given PDE is u(x,y) = y

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Answer: Side C = 17.5

Step-by-step explanation: We have to follow the laws of sines. So we would do 25sin(42)/sin(107).

Or sin(42) x 25

Then divide that value by sin(107).

If Patricia needs to have $30,000 for her daughter's college tuition that is due in exactly 2 years, she should invest C. $26, 654.70 (present value) in an account paying 6% interest compounded semi-annually.

The present value describes the current investment needed to earn a future value.

The present value can be determined using the PV formula or an online finance calculator.

N (# of periods) = 4 semi-annual periods (2 years x 2)

I/Y (Interest per year) = 6%

PMT (Periodic Payment) = $0

FV (Future Value) = $30,000

Results:

Present Value (PV) = $26,654.70

Total Interest = $3,345.30

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Answer:

Standard Form

ax^2 +bx + c = 0

Notice you can already solve for the y-intercept which is (0,4) or y=4

The time necessary for p dollars to double when it is invested at interest rate r compounded annually is given by the formula:

t = (ln 2) / (r ln (1 + r))

When compounded monthly, the formula becomes:

t = (ln 2) / (12 r ln (1 + r/12))

When compounded daily, the formula becomes:

t = (ln 2) / (365 r ln (1 + r/365))

When compounded continuously, the formula becomes:

t = ln 2 / (r)

Note that ln is the natural logarithm function.

To use these formulas, you need to know the value of the interest rate r. For example, if r is 5%, then:

When compounded annually, t = (ln 2) / (0.05 ln 1.05) = 13.86 years
When compounded monthly, t = (ln 2) / (12 x 0.05 ln 1.0041) = 14.21 years
When compounded daily, t = (ln 2) / (365 x 0.05 ln 1.000137) = 14.27 years
When compounded continuously, t = ln 2 / (0.05) = 13.86 years

Therefore, the time necessary for p dollars to double depends on the interest rate and the frequency of compounding. Generally, the more frequently the interest is compounded, the shorter the time necessary for p dollars to double.

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Credit card limits are included in M2 but not M1. The correct answer is b.

M1 and M2 are measures of the money supply that are used by economists and policymakers to analyze the state of the economy and make monetary policy decisions.

M1 includes the most liquid forms of money, such as physical currency, traveler's checks, demand deposits, and other checkable deposits. M2 includes all of the components of M1, as well as less liquid forms of money, such as savings accounts, money market accounts, and time deposits.

Credit card limits are not included in M1, as they do not represent actual money or funds that are available for immediate spending. Credit cards represent a line of credit, which is a promise by the credit card issuer to lend money to the cardholder up to a certain limit. As such, credit card limits are not considered part of the money supply, and are not included in M1.

However, credit card limits are included in M2, as they represent a potential source of funds that can be used for spending or saving. Even though credit card limits are not immediately available as cash or funds that can be spent, they can be used to obtain loans or other forms of credit that can be used to make purchases or investments.

As such, credit card limits are considered part of the broader definition of the money supply that is included in M2. The correct answer is b.

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The distance between the opposite sides of the trampoline can be found to be 14. 42 yards

To find the distance between the opposite sides of the trampoline, we are essentially finding the diagonal length. We can use the Pythagorean theorem to do this by dividing the trampoline into two right triangles.

The distance between the opposite sides would then be:

c ² = a ² + b ²

c ² = 8 ² + 12 ²

c ² = 64 + 144

c ² = 208

c = √ 208

c = 14. 42 yards

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The test statistic for this sample is -3.861, and the p-value for this sample is 0.0001. The p-value is less than the significance level α.

To test the claim (Ha) at a significance level of α = 0.005, with the given information, we will first find the test statistic and then the p-value.

1. Calculate the sample proportions: p1 = 31.8% successes in a sample of size n1 = 600, and p2 = 44.6% successes in a sample of size n2 = 314.

2. Find the difference between the sample proportions: d = p1 - p2.

3. Calculate the pooled proportion: P = (p1 * n1 + p2 * n2) / (n1 + n2).

4. Find the standard error: SE = sqrt(P * (1 - P) * (1/n1 + 1/n2)).

5. Calculate the test statistic (z): z = (d - 0) / SE.

Using the given information, the test statistic is -3.861.

Now, let's find the p-value:

6. Using the standard normal distribution table or calculator, find the p-value corresponding to the test statistic.

The p-value for this sample is 0.0001.

Now, compare the p-value to the significance level α:

The p-value (0.0001) is less than the significance level α (0.005).

Therefore, the test statistic for this sample is -3.861, and the p-value for this sample is 0.0001. The p-value is less than the significance level α.

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The amount of money in the account at the end of 25 years will be:

$38,419.83 if interest is compounded semiannually

$39,020.28 if interest is compounded quarterly

$39,214.44 if interest is compounded daily

$39,243.86 if interest is compounded continuously

We have,

We can use the formula for compound interest.

[tex]A = P(1 + r/n)^{nt}[/tex]

where:

A is the amount of money in the account after t years

P is the initial principal amount (the amount invested)

r is the annual interest rate (as a decimal)

n is the number of times the interest is compounded per year

t is the number of years

Now,

P = $16,000

r = 4% = 0.04

To find the amount of money in the account with different compounding periods, we need to plug in different values for n.

If interest is compounded semiannually, we have n = 2 and t = 25:

So,

A = 16000(1 + 0.04/2)^(2 x 25)

A = $38,419.83

If interest is compounded quarterly, we have n = 4 and t = 25:

A = 16000(1 + 0.04/4)^(4 x 25)

A = $39,020.28

If interest is compounded daily, we have n = 365 (assuming 365 days in a year) and t = 25:

A = 16000(1 + 0.04/365)^(365 x 25)

A = $39,214.44

If interest is compounded continuously, we have n = infinity and t = 25:

A = 16000e^(0.04 x 25)

A = $39,243.86

Therefore,

The amount of money in the account at the end of 25 years will be:

$38,419.83 if interest is compounded semiannually

$39,020.28 if interest is compounded quarterly

$39,214.44 if interest is compounded daily

$39,243.86 if interest is compounded continuously

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The answer to the question is 'c. 246'. This is calculated by determining the total number of ways to form the committee, subtracting the ways in which only seniors can be selected to ensure at least one junior is included.

This question is related to combinatorics, a branch of Mathematics that deals with counting, arrangement, and permutation. Given we have 6 seniors and 4 juniors, and we need to select a committee of 5 members with at least one junior, we can approach it in the following way:

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The solution is, the solutions using the Zero Product Property: is x =8 and -5.

The expression to be solved is:

(x-8) (x + 5) = 0

we know that,

The zero product property states that the solution to this equation is the values of each term equals to 0.

now, we have,

(x-8) (x + 5) = 0

i.e. we get,

(x-8) × (x + 5) = 0

so, using the Zero Product Property:

we get,

(x-8) = 0

or,

(x + 5) = 0

so, we have,

x = 8 or, x = -5

The answers are 8 and -5.

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The decision with the highest expected value should be chosen. In this case, the economics book has a higher expected value (32,000 copies) compared to the statistics book (30,500 copies). Therefore, the optimum decision alternative is to write the economics book.

a. Decision tree diagram:
2. Branch off two nodes from the root for each option.
3. From the economics book node, branch off two nodes for major and smaller publisher placement. Assign probabilities of 50% and 50% for each.
4. From the statistics book node, branch off two nodes for major and smaller publisher placement. Assign probabilities of 40% and 60% for each.
5. Assign ultimate sales to each end node (40,000 and 30,000 for economics; 50,000 and 35,000 for statistics).

b. The probability that the economics book would wind up being placed with a smaller publisher is 50% (1 - 50% chance of placing it with a major publisher).

c. The probability that the statistics book would wind up being placed with a smaller publisher is 60% (1 - 40% chance of placing it with a major publisher).

d. Expected value for the decision alternative to write the economics book:
(0.50 * 40,000) + (0.50 * 0.80 * 30,000) = 20,000 + 12,000 = 32,000 copies.

e. Expected value for the decision alternative to write the statistics book:
(0.40 * 50,000) + (0.60 * 0.50 * 35,000) = 20,000 + 10,500 = 30,500 copies.

f. Expected value for the optimum decision alternative:
The decision with the highest expected value should be chosen. In this case, the economics book has a higher expected value (32,000 copies) compared to the statistics book (30,500 copies). Therefore, the optimum decision alternative is to write the economics book.

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The firm's weighted average cost of capital is 15.074%

To calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC), we need to follow these steps:

1. Determine the weight of each component of the capital structure (debt, preferred stock, and common stock) by dividing the value of each component by the total capital.
2. Multiply the weight of each component by its respective cost.
3. Sum the weighted costs to obtain the WACC.

Here's the step-by-step calculation:

1. Calculate the weights:
Debt weight = $1,083 / $5,032 = 0.215
Preferred stock weight = $268 / $5,032 = 0.053
Common stock weight = $3,681 / $5,032 = 0.732

2. Calculate the weighted costs:
Weighted cost of debt = 0.215 x 5.5% = 0.011825
Weighted cost of preferred stock = 0.053 x 13.5% = 0.007155
Weighted cost of common stock = 0.732 x 18% = 0.13176

3. Sum the weighted costs to find the WACC:
WACC = 0.011825 + 0.007155 + 0.13176 = 0.15074 or 15.074%

Therefore, we can state that the firm's weighted average cost of capital is 15.074%.

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The exponential regression equation for the set of data is given as follows: y = 931.61(1.1)^x.

The number of bacteria after 16 hours is given as follows:

4,281 bacteria.

An exponential function has the definition presented as follows:

y = ab^x.

In which the parameters are given as follows:

For exponential regression, we must insert the points of a data-set into an exponential regression calculator.

The points for this problem are given as follows:

(0, 940), (1, 1034), (2, 1105), (3, 1223), (4, 1352), (5, 1520).

Inserting these points into a calculator, the equation is given as follows:

y = 931.61(1.1)^x.

The number of bacteria after 16 hours is given as follows:

y = 931.61 x (1.1)^16

y = 4,281 bacteria.

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Answer:

Wyatt walks 3 miles per day for 6 days, so he walks a total of:

3 x 6 = 18 miles

Aaliyah walks 4 1/2 miles each day for 6 days, so she walks a total of:

4 1/2 x 6 = 27 miles

To find how many more miles Aaliyah walks than Wyatt, we can subtract Wyatt's total distance from Aaliyah's total distance:

27 - 18 = 9 miles

Therefore, Aaliyah will walk 9 more miles than Wyatt in 6 days.

Step-by-step explanation:

The equation to show the number of cakes that can be baked with 50 pounds of flour, is 181. 5 = c × 112.

If we represent the quantity of cakes Betty can make as "c", and it is known that each cake requires 112 cups of flour, with a total of 181.5 cups available, then the equation may be expressed as:

Total flour = Number of cakes × Flour per cake

181. 5 = c × 112

c = 181. 5 / 112

c = 1.62 cakes

In conclusion, 1. 62 cakes can be baked.

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There are 64 functions from set A to set B.

To determine how many functions there are from A = {1, 2, 3} to B = {a, b, c, d}, you can use the following step-by-step explanation:

1. Understand that a function maps each element of set A to exactly one element in set B.
2. Notice that set A has 3 elements, and set B has 4 elements.
3. For each element in set A, there are 4 choices in set B it can be mapped to.
4. Therefore, the total number of functions is equal to the product of the number of choices for each element in set A, which is 4 × 4 × 4 = 64.

So, there are 64 functions from A = {1, 2, 3} to B = {a, b, c, d}.

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To find the surface area of the given surface using cylindrical coordinates, first we need to find the parametrization of the surface. Since you have not provided the explicit form of the surface, I'll provide you with a general procedure.

Let's consider a surface S given by the equation G(r, θ, z) = 0, where r and θ are cylindrical coordinates.

1. Parametrize the surface:
To parametrize the surface, express it in terms of two parameters (say, r and θ). Then, a parametrization of the surface can be given as:

R(r, θ) = (r*cos(θ), r*sin(θ), z(r, θ))

2. Compute the partial derivatives:
Now, compute the partial derivatives of R with respect to r and θ:

R_r = (∂R/∂r) = (cos(θ), sin(θ), ∂z/∂r)
R_θ = (∂R/∂θ) = (-r*sin(θ), r*cos(θ), ∂z/∂θ)

3. Cross product and magnitude:
Calculate the cross product of these partial derivatives and find its magnitude:

N = R_r × R_θ = (a, b, c)
|M| = sqrt(a^2 + b^2 + c^2)

4. Set up the double integral:
Finally, set up the double integral to find the surface area of S:

Surface Area = ∬_D |M| dr dθ

Here, D is the domain of the parameters r and θ on the surface. To evaluate the integral, you will need to know the specific form of the surface and the limits of integration for r and θ.

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The integral expression [tex]\int\limits^4_{-4} {f(x)} \, dx[/tex] when evaluated has a value of 352/3

From the question, we have the following parameters that can be used in our computation:

[tex]\int\limits^4_{-4} {f(x)} \, dx[/tex]

The function f(x) is a piecewise function

When the functions are combined, we have

f(x) = 4 + 16 - x²

Evaluate the like terms

So, we have

f(x) = 20 - x²

So, we have

[tex]\int\limits^4_{-4} {f(x)} \, dx = \int\limits^4_{-4} {20 - x\²} \, dx[/tex]

Integrate the function

So, we have

[tex]\int\limits^4_{-4} {f(x)} \, dx = 20x - \frac{x^3}3|\limits^4_{-4}[/tex]

Expand the integral expression

This gives

[tex]\int\limits^4_{-4} {f(x)} \, dx = 20(4) - \frac{4^3}3 - 20(-4) + \frac{(-4)^3}3[/tex]

Evaluate the expression

So, we have

[tex]\int\limits^4_{-4} {f(x)} \, dx = \frac{352}{3}[/tex]

Hence, the solution is 352/3

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Answer:

1, 768

2, 2088

3, 7789

4, 1828

5, 1435.

In scenario a, the function c(x) represents the density of traffic on a straight road, measured in cars per mile, where x is the number of miles east of a major interchange. The product c(x) · Ax has units of cars, as it represents the number of cars in a certain segment of the road. The definite integral ∫ c(x) dx and its Riemann sum approximation given by 1/n ∑ c(xi) · Δx have units of cars per mile, as they represent the average density of traffic over a certain distance. When evaluating the definite integral ∫ c(x) dx, we get a value that represents the total number of cars on the road between two given points.

In scenario b, the function B(x) represents the distribution of the weight of books on a shelf, in pounds per inch, where x is the number of inches from the left end of the shelf. The product B(x) · Ax has units of pounds, as it represents the weight of books in a certain segment of the shelf. The definite integral ∫ B(x) dx and its Riemann sum approximation given by 1/n ∑ B(xi) · Δx have units of pounds, as they represent the total weight of books on the shelf. When evaluating the definite integral ∫ B(x) dx, we get a value that represents the total weight of books on the shelf.
a. i. The units on the product c(x) · Δx are cars per mile (from c(x)) multiplied by miles (from Δx), resulting in cars.

a. ii. The units on the definite integral and its Riemann sum approximation are the same as the units on the product c(x) · Δx, which are cars.

a. iii. To evaluate the definite integral, we have:

∫(200 + 100e^(-0.12x)) dx

Using the integral rules, we get:

[200x - (100/0.12)e^(-0.12x)] (evaluate this from 0 to a specific value to find the total cars between 0 and that value)

The meaning of the value is the total number of cars on the road between 0 miles and the specified value of x miles east of the major interchange.

b. i. The units on the product B(x) · Δx are pounds per inch (from B(x)) multiplied by inches (from Δx), resulting in pounds.

b. ii. The units on the definite integral and its Riemann sum approximation are the same as the units on the product B(x) · Δx, which are pounds.

b. iii. To evaluate the definite integral, we have:

∫(0.5 + (x+1)^2) dx

Using the integral rules, we get:

[0.5x + (1/3)(x+1)^3] (evaluate this from 0 to 72 to find the total weight of books on the shelf)

The meaning of the value is the total weight of the books on the 6-foot-long shelf.

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If p represents the current population, the expression that represents the expected population next year is C. [tex]1.075p[/tex].

To find the expected population next year, we need to add the current population to the percentage increase.

The percentage increase is 7.5% of the current population which can be expressed as 0.075p. So, expression that represents the expected population of the city next year will be:

= Current population + Percentage increase

= p + 0.075p

= 1.075p.

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1. a) The prime factorization of 64 is 2^6 and the prime factorization of 72 is 2^3 × 3^2. The common factor is 2^3, so the GCF of 64 and 72 is 8.  b) The GCF of 2a^2 and 12a is 2a.  c) The GCF of 4x^2 and 6x is 2x.

2. a) Factored form: 3(x - 4), GCF = 3  b) Factored form: 5(13y - x), GCF = 5  c) Expanded form: 3x^2 + 12x + 9, GCF = 3

3. a) 3(p - 5), check: 3p - 15 b) 3(7x - 3)(x + 2), check: 21x^2 - 9x + 18 c) 6(y + 1)(y + 5), check: 6y^2 + 18y + 30

4. A trinomial expression with a GCF of 3n is 3n(x^2 + 4x + 3). Factoring the expression, we get 3n(x + 3)(x + 1).

Let us discuss this in detail.

1. a) The GCF of 64 and 72 is 8.
  b) The GCF of 2a^2 and 12a is 2a.
  c) The GCF of 4x^2 and 6x is 2x.

2. a) 3x - 12 is in expanded form, GCF = 3.
  b) 5(13y - x) is in factored form, GCF = 5.
  c) 3x^2 + 12x + 9 is in expanded form, GCF = 3.

3. a) Factoring 3p - 15 gives 3(p - 5), Check: 3(p - 5) = 3p - 15.
  b) Factoring 21x^2 - 9x + 18 gives 3(7x^2 - 3x + 6), Check: 3(7x^2 - 3x + 6) = 21x^2 - 9x + 18.
  c) Factoring 6y^2 + 18y + 30 gives 6(y^2 + 3y + 5), Check: 6(y^2 + 3y + 5) = 6y^2 + 18y + 30.

4. A trinomial expression with a GCF of 3n could be 3n(x^2 + y^2 + z^2). Factoring this expression gives 3n(x^2 + y^2 + z^2), which is already in factored form.

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The probability that a customer will have to wait more than 2 minutes is 0.0099.

(a) Since the waiting time at the supermarket is assumed to be exponentially distributed, the probability density function is given by:

f(x) = (1/B)e^(-(x/B)) for x ≥ 0

= 0 elsewhere

where B is the mean waiting time. In this case, the mean waiting time is 19 seconds. Therefore, the probability density function of waiting time at the supermarket is:

f(x) = (1/19)e^(-(x/19)) for x ≥ 0

= 0 elsewhere

(b) To find the probability that a customer will have to wait between 15 and 30 seconds, we need to find the area under the probability density function between x=15 and x=30. This can be calculated using the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the exponential distribution:

P(15 ≤ x ≤ 30) = ∫15^30 f(x)dx = ∫15^30 (1/19)e^(-(x/19)) dx

Using integration by substitution, let u = -(x/19), then du/dx = -1/19 and dx = -19 du:

P(15 ≤ x ≤ 30) = ∫-(15/19)^-(30/19) e^udu = e^(-(15/19)) - e^(-(30/19))

P(15 ≤ x ≤ 30) ≈ 0.2462 (rounded to four decimal places).

Therefore, the probability that a customer will have to wait between 15 and 30 seconds is 0.2462.

(c) To find the probability that a customer will have to wait more than 2 minutes, we need to find the area under the probability density function for x > 120 seconds (2 minutes). This can be calculated using the CDF of the exponential distribution:

P(x > 120) = ∫120^∞ f(x)dx = ∫120^∞ (1/19)e^(-(x/19)) dx

Using integration by substitution, let u = -(x/19), then du/dx = -1/19 and dx = -19 du:

P(x > 120) = ∫-(120/19)^-∞ e^udu = e^(-(120/19))

P(x > 120) ≈ 0.0099 (rounded to four decimal places).

Therefore, the probability that a customer will have to wait more than 2 minutes is 0.0099.

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The p-value for a two-tailed test is 0.0769.

The null hypothesis (H0) is that the population mean weight of active ingredient per tablet is 5 grams. The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is that the population mean weight of active ingredient per tablet is not equal to 5 grams.

H0: µ = 5

Ha: µ ≠ 5

The significance level is 5%.

The test statistic is t = (x - µ) / (s / √n), where x is the sample mean, µ is the hypothesized population mean, s is the sample standard deviation, and n is the sample size.

The decision rules: Reject H0 if |t| > tα/2,n-1, where tα/2,n-1 is the t-value from the t-distribution with n-1 degrees of freedom and α/2 level of significance.

Calculating the test statistic and p-value:

x = (5.01 + 4.69 + 5.03 + 4.98 + 4.98 + 4.95 + 5.00 + 5.00 + 5.03 + 5.01 + 5.04 + 4.95) / 12 = 4.9983

s = sqrt([(5.01 - 4.9983)² + (4.69 - 4.9983)² + ... + (4.95 - 4.9983)²] / 11) = 0.0383

t = (4.9983 - 5) / (0.0383 / sqrt(12)) = -1.931

Degrees of freedom = n-1 = 11

At α = 0.05, t0.025,11 = 2.201

The p-value for a two-tailed test is P(|t| > 1.931) = 0.0769.

Interpretation: Since the p-value (0.0769) is greater than the significance level (0.05), we fail to reject the null hypothesis. There is not enough evidence to conclude that the population mean weight of active ingredient per tablet is different from 5 grams at the 5% level of significance.

Assumptions: We assume that the sample is randomly selected and comes from a normally distributed population. We also assume that the sample standard deviation is a good estimate of the population standard deviation.

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