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-Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast, an organelle specific to plant cells. The light reactions of photosynthesis occur in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast.

-Energy Cycle in Living Things
The chloroplasts collect energy from the sun and use carbon dioxide and water in the process called photosynthesis to produce sugars. Animals can make use of the sugars provided by the plants in their own cellular energy factories, the mitochondria.

-Cyanobacteria, often known as blue-green algae, are among the most abundant organisms in oceans and fresh water. They are similar to green plants because they can use the energy from sunlight to make their own food through photosynthesis.

-What is a microbe? A microbe is any living organism that spends its life at a size too tiny to be seen with the naked eye. Microbes include bacteria and archaebacteria, protists, some fungi and even some very tiny animals that are too small to be seen without the aid of a microscope.

-Plants, algae and cyanobacteria use a chemical reaction known as photosynthesis to create the materials they need from what's around them. Plucking carbon dioxide from the air, water from the ground and light from the sun, land plants make sugar and kick out oxygen as a waste product.

Which statement is not true of mitosis?

The statements are:

A There are four stages of mitosis

B It is the division of genetic material of a dividing eukaryotic cell into two parts

C it is a process that takes an average of eight minutes for any cell to complete the process

D each daughter cell receives a full set of chromosomes identical to the parent cell

What do osmosis and diffusion have in common?
A.) Both permit molecules of any kind, whether solute or solvent, to cross the bilayer membrane.
B.) Both require the additional energy provided by an energy carrying molecule, like ATP, to allow molecules to pass through the membrane.
C.) Both processes occur through a semipermeable membrane called a concentration gradient.
D.) Both are the net movement of randomly moving molecules that makes concentration nearly equal on both sides of a bilayer membrane.

Greek philosophers such as Democritus and Aristotle had ideas about the composition of matter. For example, Democritus believed matter was made of tiny, solid spheres that he called atomos, and Aristotle thought matter was made of earth, water, fire, and air. Aristotle's idea of matter was the accepted idea for over 2,000 years until John Dalton came up with a new theory about matter based on his experimental data. Which of the following best explains why Dalton’s theory became more widely-accepted over Aristotle's theory?


Aristotle’s theory did not have enough direct evidence due to poor observational tools.


Dalton’s theory had repeated observations which were supported by extensive evidence.


Dalton’s theory was more complete because more respected scientists found the ideas possible.


Aristotle’s theory became the law of conservation of mass when he documented phase changes of matter.

Explain the connection between genes and your traits. Be sure to use the word protein.

Dead ocean animals fall to the bottom of the ocean. A scientist notices rock layers that have formed on the ocean bottom with fossils of some of these animals. What type of rock is this?
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