MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING:
6. Ajman Pharmacy Inc. has the following sales budget for the first two quarters of next year:
January $250,000
February $200,000
March $230,000
April $220,000
May $245,000
June $198,000
Cash collections have been determined to follow the pattern below:
70 percent of sales collected in month of sales
20 percent of sales collected in month after sale
10 percent of sales collected two months after sale
What the total cash collections for March?

In the long run, this situation is unsustainable. In response to this, some firms will exit the market to avoid further losses.

As a result of firms leaving the market, the supply of vitamins will decrease. With reduced supply and unchanged demand, the equilibrium price per bottle will rise.

As the price increases, the remaining firms, including Roger's, will experience higher revenues, which will help cover their average total costs. This process will continue until firms in the market can operate without losses, and the market reaches a new equilibrium.

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Cash basis accounting is a method of accounting that recognizes revenues and expenses when cash is received or paid, rather than when they are earned or incurred.

This means that revenues are recorded when cash is received and expenses are recorded when cash is paid out.

For example, if a company sells a product on credit, it would not record the revenue until the cash is received from the customer.

Cash basis accounting does not recognize equity transactions, such as the issuance of stock or the payment of dividends, because these transactions do not involve cash changing hands. It also does not record liabilities until they are paid with cash.

While cash basis accounting is simpler than accrual basis accounting, which recognizes revenues and expenses when they are earned or incurred, it can be less accurate and can lead to distortion of a company's financial results.

This is because cash basis accounting does not take into account the timing of transactions or the matching of expenses to the revenues they generate.

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Internal sources are usually the most preferred and reliable source of environmental information for environmental scanning purposes in a firm. However information packages, corporate clipping services, and computer databases can also provide valuable insights.

In this context, the most preferred source of environmental information for environmental scanning purposes in a firm depends on the specific needs and preferences of the organization. However, internal sources are usually the most reliable and preferred source of environmental information.

Internal sources of environmental information are those that are generated by the firm itself, such as annual reports, financial statements, and market research reports. These sources are considered more reliable and trustworthy because they are based on the first-hand information gathered from within the organization. Internal sources can provide valuable insights into the company's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, as well as its overall performance.

Information packages, corporate clipping services, and computer databases are also important sources of environmental information for firms. Information packages provide a comprehensive overview of a specific topic or industry, while corporate clipping services monitor media coverage of the company or industry. Computer databases offer a vast collection of information, which can be filtered and analyzed to identify relevant trends and patterns.

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Everything else held constant, when financial frictions increase, the real cost of borrowing increases, so that planned investment spending at any given inflation rate decreases.

When financial frictions increase, the real cost of borrowing increases. This is because financial frictions create barriers to borrowing, which means that lenders may charge higher interest rates or require more collateral. This increase in borrowing costs can lead to a decrease in planned investment spending at any given inflation rate. Therefore, the answer is d. increases; falls.

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The total cost when the volume doubles for Wu Company will increase to $140,000.we need to consider both fixed and variable costs. Currently, Wu Company incurs $40,000 in fixed costs and $50,000 in variable costs when producing and selling 4,000 units. If the volume doubles, the company will produce and sell 8,000 units.

Calculate the variable cost per unit.Variable cost per unit = Total variable cost / Number of units = $50,000 / 4,000 units = $12.50 per unit.

Calculate the total variable cost for the doubled volume.Total variable cost = Variable cost per unit * Doubled volume = $12.50 per unit * 8,000 units = $100,000.

Calculate the new total cost.New total cost = Fixed cost + Total variable cost = $40,000 + $100,000 = $140,000.
Thus, when Wu Company's volume doubles, their total cost will increase to $140,000, not decrease.

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The current bond price for Harrison Co.'s 14-year, 7.4% semiannual coupon bonds with a $1,000 par value is $1,139.77 assuming a yield to maturity of 5.4%. This is calculated using the present value formula for a bond.

To calculate the current bond price, we need to use the present value formula for a bond:

Bond Price = [tex](C / (1 + r)^1) + (C / (1 + r)^2) + ... + (C + Par / (1 + r)^n)[/tex]

Where:

C = Coupon payment

r = Yield to maturity (YTM) rate

n = Number of periods (in this case, semiannual payments over 28 periods, or 14 years)

We know that the coupon rate is 7.4% of $1,000 par value, or $74 per year, paid semiannually as $37. Therefore, the bond cash flows are:

Period 1: $37

Period 2: $37

...Period 28: $37 + $1,000 (par value)

Using a financial calculator or spreadsheet, we can calculate the present value of each cash flow and sum them up to get the bond price:

Bond Price = [tex]($37 / (1 + 0.054/2)^1) + ($37 / (1 + 0.054/2)^2) + ... + (($37 + $1,000) / (1 + 0.054/2)^28)[/tex]

Bond Price = $1,139.77

Therefore, the current bond price is $1,139.77 when the yield to maturity is 5.4%.

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Every company needs control over its day-to-day business operations, and for this reason, they require periodic auditing to look for fraud, risk, and money misuse.

For instance, the management of XYZ Company discovered that there were several issues with how to operate the business, including a rise in theft and other fraudulent activities and workers who were not performing their tasks to the best of their abilities.

The management is now interested in the causes of all these issues and wants to get things better. They hired an auditor, who ultimately provided reports, ascertained the causes, and offered management advice on how to improve the situation. Without an effective internal control system, an organization cannot advance. After implementing the correct internal system, management noticed that the situation was getting better.

Therefore, it is accurate to argue that internal control aids the organization in enhancing its state.

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Answer:

Essay 1: John C. Maxwell

John C. Maxwell is an American author, speaker, and pastor, who is considered one of the world's top leadership experts. Born in 1947 in Michigan, he grew up in a small town in Ohio. He earned a Bachelor's degree in Ministry from Ohio Christian University and a Master's degree in Divinity from Azusa Pacific University. Maxwell has written over 100 books, many of which have become bestsellers, including "The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership," "Developing the Leader Within You," and "Leadership Gold."

Maxwell's definition of leadership is based on the idea that leadership is influence. He believes that anyone can become a leader, regardless of their position or title, as long as they have influence over others. Maxwell also stresses the importance of leading by example and living out the values and principles that you want others to follow. In his books, he outlines a number of characteristics that he believes are important for effective leadership, including integrity, vision, optimism, communication, and the ability to develop and empower others.

One of Maxwell's key principles is the idea that leaders are learners. He believes that leaders must continually seek to improve themselves and their skills, and that they should never stop learning. Maxwell also emphasizes the importance of teamwork and collaboration in leadership, and encourages leaders to build strong relationships with their followers. Overall, Maxwell's definition of leadership is focused on the idea of influencing others through one's character, values, and actions, rather than simply relying on one's position or authority.

Essay 2: Simon Sinek

Simon Sinek is a British-American author, motivational speaker, and marketing consultant. Born in London in 1973, he grew up in South Africa and later moved to the United States. He earned a Bachelor's degree in cultural anthropology from Brandeis University and a Master's degree in leadership from City University of London. Sinek is best known for his book "Start With Why," which has sold over 2 million copies worldwide and has become a popular TED Talk.

Sinek's definition of leadership is based on the idea that leaders inspire others to action by communicating a clear sense of purpose and direction. He believes that effective leaders start with why they do what they do, rather than focusing solely on what they do or how they do it. According to Sinek, people are more motivated and engaged when they feel a sense of purpose and belonging, and effective leaders are able to create this sense of purpose by communicating a clear and compelling vision.

In his book, Sinek outlines a number of characteristics that he believes are important for effective leadership, including authenticity, empathy, and the ability to listen and communicate effectively. He also emphasizes the importance of building trust and creating a sense of safety and belonging within an organization. Overall, Sinek's definition of leadership is focused on the idea of inspiring others to action by communicating a clear sense of purpose and direction, and creating a culture of trust and belonging.

Explanation:

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Statement of Cash Flows for Balboa's Gym for the month of October:

Operating Activities:

Receipt of membership dues for October: $8,500

Payment for advertising: -$1,500

Payment of salaries: -$7,300

Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities: $4,700

Investing Activities:

Purchase of boxing equipment: -$9,600

Net Cash Used in Investing Activities: -$9,600

Financing Activities:

Issuance of common stock: $12,000

Payment of dividends: -$4,400

Receipt of cash for November memberships: $5,600

Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities: $13,200

Net Increase in Cash: $8,300

Cash Balance at Beginning of Month: $16,600

Cash Balance at End of Month: $24,900

Explanation:

The receipt of membership dues, payment for advertising, and payment of salaries are all operating activities. The purchase of boxing equipment is an investing activity.

The issuance of common stock, payment of dividends, and receipt of cash for November memberships are all financing activities. The net increase in cash is calculated by adding the net cash provided by operating activities, net cash used in investing activities, and net cash provided by financing activities, which equals $8,300.

The cash balance at the end of the month is calculated by adding the net increase in cash to the beginning cash balance, which equals $24,900.

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The required rate of return on the market is 10.88%

To find the required rate of return on the market, we can use the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) which is:

Required Rate of Return on Stock = Risk-Free Rate + Beta x (Required Rate of Return on Market - Risk-Free Rate)
We have the beta and the required rate of return on the stock, so we can rearrange the formula to solve for the required rate of return on the market:

Required Rate of Return on Market = (Required Rate of Return on Stock - Risk-Free Rate) / Beta + Risk-Free Rate
Required Rate of Return on Market = (11.75% - 4.30%) / 1.23 + 4.30% = 10.88%

Therefore, the required rate of return on the market is 10.88%.
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The amount of loss on disposal is $24,000.

The amount of loss on disposal  in the income statement of Toronto Corp. for February can be calculated as follows:
Gross receivables = $300,000
Finance charge = 3% of $300,000 = $9,000
Amount retained for un collectibles = 5% of $300,000 = $15,000
Proceeds received by Toronto Corp. = Gross receivables - Finance charge - Amount retained for uncollectibles = $276,000
Since Toronto Corp. factored the receivables on a without recourse basis, it assumes no further responsibility for collecting the receivables or any losses that may arise from non-payment by the debtors. Therefore, any difference between the carrying amount of the receivables and the proceeds received represents a loss on disposal.
Carrying amount of the receivables = $300,000
Proceeds received by Toronto Corp. = $276,000
Loss on disposal = Carrying amount of the receivables - Proceeds received by Toronto Corp. = $24,000

Therefore, the decrease in net income to be reported from this transfer is $24,000. The correct answer is (a) $24,000.

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Operating Leverage Teague Co. reports the following data: Sales $679,800 Variable costs 448,700 Contribution margin $231,100 Fixed costs 173,300 Income from operations $57,800. Teague Co.'s operating leverage is 4.0.

Operating leverage is the ratio of the contribution margin to the income from operations.

To find Teague Co.'s operating leverage, you'll need to divide the contribution margin by the income from operations and round your answer to one decimal place:

Operating Leverage = Contribution Margin / Income from Operations
Operating Leverage = $231,100 / $57,800
Operating Leverage ≈ 3.999 (rounded to one decimal place)

Therefore, Teague Co.'s operating leverage is approximately 4.0.

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The false statement is "When both budget variance and volume variance are favorable, fixed manufacturing overhead is overapplied."

This statement is not always true, as it depends on the amount of fixed overhead costs budgeted for production and the actual level of production achieved.

If the budgeted fixed overhead costs were too high and the actual production level was lower than expected, then both budget and volume variances could be favorable, but the fixed overhead costs would still be underapplied.

Therefore, it is important to analyze the specific circumstances of the company's production and budgeting processes to determine if fixed overhead costs were overapplied or underapplied.

The other statements mentioned are true, such as variable overhead underapplication resulting in an unfavorable spending variance and direct labor variance being composed of rate and efficiency variances. The sum of price and quantity variances for raw materials is also equal to the spending variance.

However, it is important to note that these statements may also have exceptions depending on the specific circumstances of the company's operations.

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The answer to the question is B) Personnel policies. Personnel policies are decisions made by organizations that affect the nature of the job vacancies for which people are recruited. These policies can include things like job requirements, compensation packages, and employee benefits.

Personnel policies can be broken down into various categories, such as recruitment policies, retention policies, and performance management policies. Recruitment policies determine the criteria used to identify potential candidates for job openings. Retention policies focus on strategies to keep current employees satisfied and motivated. Performance management policies set expectations and standards for employee performance and provide feedback and recognition for achievement.

Overall, personnel policies are a critical component of organizational management as they shape the workforce and contribute to the success of the organization.

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1. If the price of your favorite beer increased from $10 to $15 a can, the quantity demanded of that beer would decrease, as consumers are less willing to buy it at a higher price. 2. Factors that could change the equilibrium price of beer include changes in consumer preferences, production costs, and availability of substitute goods. 3. The equilibrium price and quantity traded of beer would decrease as a result.

1. If the price of your favorite beer increased from $10 to $15 a can, the quantity demanded of that beer would decrease, as consumers are less willing to buy it at a higher price. In a diagram, this can be represented by a movement along the demand curve to the left, showing a decrease in quantity demanded due to the price increase.

2. Factors that could change the equilibrium price of beer include changes in consumer preferences, production costs, and availability of substitute goods.

3. a) Longer and hotter Australian summers due to global warming would likely increase the demand for beer, as people tend to consume more cold beverages in hot weather. This would cause the demand curve to shift to the right, leading to a higher equilibrium price and quantity traded of beer.

b) New health concerns about the impact of alcohol in beer could decrease the demand for beer, shifting the demand curve to the left. This would result in a lower equilibrium price and quantity traded of beer.

c) An increase in the price of hops, a key ingredient in beer production, would raise production costs, leading to a decrease in supply. The supply curve would shift to the left, resulting in a higher equilibrium price and a lower quantity traded of beer.

d) A decrease in the price of wine, a substitute for beer, would cause some consumers to switch from beer to wine. This would lead to a decrease in demand for beer, shifting the demand curve to the left. The equilibrium price and quantity traded of beer would decrease as a result.

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To calculate the weighted average cost of borrowing, you need to multiply each borrowing’s interest rate by its proportion of the total amount borrowed. Then you add up these values to get the weighted average cost of borrowing. Here is how to calculate the weighted average cost of borrowing for BB Ltd:

Weighted Average Cost of Borrowing = (GH¢10m x 6%) + (GH¢6m x 8%) + (GH¢12m x 10%) / (GH¢10m + GH¢6m + GH¢12m)

= GH¢600,000 + GH¢480,000 + GH¢1,200,000 / GH¢28m

= 0.0464 or 4.64%

NOTE: To compute the borrowing cost to capitalize 30, you would need more information on what “30” refers to in this context.

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To prepare the manufacturing overhead budget for Splish Company for the year 2022, we need to calculate both the variable and fixed costs for each quarter.

Here are the calculations:

Variable overhead costs per unit:

Variable overhead cost per direct labor hour = $0.70 + $1.20 + $0.50 = $2.40 per direct labor hour

Direct labor hours per unit = 1.4 hours per unit

Variable overhead cost per unit = $2.40 x 1.4 = $3.36 per unit

Variable overhead costs per quarter:

Quarter 1: 10,000 units x $3.36 per unit = $33,600

Quarter 2: 12,200 units x $3.36 per unit = $40,992

Quarter 3: 14,500 units x $3.36 per unit = $48,720

Quarter 4: 18,400 units x $3.36 per unit = $61,824

Fixed overhead costs per quarter:

Quarter 1: $34,400 + $16,600 + $15,500 = $66,500

Quarter 2: $34,400 + $16,600 + $15,500 = $66,500

Quarter 3: $34,400 + $16,600 + $15,500 = $66,500

Quarter 4: $34,400 + $16,600 + $15,500 = $66,500

Manufacturing overhead budget for 2022:

Quarter 1: $66,500 + $33,600 = $100,100

Quarter 2: $66,500 + $40,992 = $107,492

Quarter 3: $66,500 + $48,720 = $115,220

Quarter 4: $66,500 + $61,824 = $128,324

Therefore, the manufacturing overhead budget for Splish Company for the year 2022, showing quarterly data, is as follows:

Quarter Variable Costs Fixed Costs Total Manufacturing Overhead

1 $33,600 $66,500 $100,100

2 $40,992 $66,500 $107,492

3 $48,720 $66,500 $115,220

4 $61,824 $66,500 $128,324

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E. When measuring a nation's standard of living, the best measure among the options provided is E. real GDP per capita. This is because real GDP per capita takes into account the total value of goods and services produced in a country adjusted for inflation.

It also considers the population size, providing a more accurate representation of the average living standard in the nation. Real GDP per capita takes into account the inflation-adjusted value of a country's economic output per person, which provides a better indication of the actual standard of living.

Nominal GDP may increase due to inflation without necessarily reflecting an improvement in the standard of living, while market GDP does not take into account changes in the value of money over time. Nominal GDP per capita provides information on the overall economic output per person, but does not account for inflation, while real GDP per capita adjusts for inflation and provides a better measure of changes in living standards over time.

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Fred is deemed to own approximately 71% of Slate Rock and Gravel, Inc.

This is calculated by adding up Fred's direct ownership (30%), his son's ownership (20%), his ex-wife's ownership (5%), his grandmother's ownership (4%), and his grandson's ownership (3%), which totals to 62%. Then, adding in the ownership that Fred has through other companies, such as Barney, Inc (which owns 10% and in which Fred owns 20%) and Wilma and Betty LLC (which owns 20% and in which Fred owns 5%), brings the total to approximately 71%.

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d. On time, within budget, to scope, and project impact on the organization.

Project success is typically judged by a combination of factors, including whether the project was completed on time, within budget, and to scope, as well as the impact it had on the organization.

Achieving these criteria typically indicates that the project delivered its intended benefits and met the expectations of stakeholders. However, it's important to note that different stakeholders may have different definitions of project success, so it's important to understand and address their individual needs and expectations.

On-time: This refers to whether the project was completed by the deadline that was established at the outset of the project. Being on-time is important because it demonstrates that the project team was able to effectively manage their time and resources, and that the project was able to deliver results when they were needed.

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The figure that should appear in the company's statement of comprehensive income for interest payable in the year ended 30 June 2003 is K57,500.

We need to consider the following:

1. Interest paid on the K1m 8% loan notes for the period from 1 January 2003 to 30 June 2003:

The total interest payable on the K1m loan notes at 8% per annum is K80,000. Since interest is paid half-yearly, the interest payable for the period from 1 January 2003 to 30 June 2003 is K40,000.

2. Interest paid on the K500,000 7% loan notes for the period from 1 April 2003 to 30 June 2003:

The total interest payable on the K500,000 loan notes at 7% per annum is K35,000. Since interest is paid half-yearly, the interest payable for the period from 1 April 2003 to 30 June 2003 is K17,500.

3. Interest paid on the K250,000 loan notes redeemed on 30 September 2002:

Since the K250,000 loan notes were redeemed at par, the interest payable on these notes up to the redemption date was already paid. Therefore, we dont need to include any interest payable on these notes in the calculation.

Adding the interest payable on the K1m 8% loan notes and the K500,000 7% loan notes, we get:

K40,000 + K17,500 = K57,500

Therefore, the figure that should appear in the company's statement of comprehensive income for interest payable in the year ended 30 June 2003 is K57,500.

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Parent Corporation’s separate taxable income is: $105,000.

Parent Corporation’s net income from operations is $100,000, and they also have a net long-term capital gain of $10,000. However, they made a charitable contribution of $5,000, which is deductible on their tax return. Therefore, their separate taxable income is $105,000 ($100,000 + $10,000 - $5,000).

b. SubCo’s separate taxable income is $43,000.

SubCo generated $45,000 income from operations but incurred a $2,000 short-term capital loss. The capital loss can be used to offset the income from operations, resulting in SubCo's separate taxable income of $43,000 ($45,000 - $2,000).

c. The consolidated taxable income is $148,000.

To calculate the consolidated taxable income, we add the separate taxable incomes of Parent Corporation and SubCo ($105,000 + $43,000 = $148,000).

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The main answer to your question is that Fair Trade food has become a global "niche" market.

Fairtrade food has become a global market due to increasing demand for ethically sourced and sustainable products. Fairtrade certification ensures that farmers and producers in developing countries are paid fairly for their labor and products and that environmental and social standards are met. This has led to an expansion of fair trade products in supermarkets and specialty stores around the world, including coffee, tea, chocolate, bananas, and more. Consumers are willing to pay a premium for fair trade products, which supports the livelihoods of small-scale farmers and promotes sustainable practices in the food industry.

The niche market specifically targets consumers who prioritize ethical and sustainable sourcing practices in their purchasing decisions, supporting fair wages and working conditions for producers.

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Email is the communication channel that can be used for personalized messages that are neither complex nor emotional.

Email marketing allows businesses to send personalized messages to their subscribers based on their preferences, behaviors, and past interactions with the brand. This type of communication channel is ideal for sending promotional offers, product updates, and newsletters. With email, businesses can also segment their audience and send targeted messages to specific groups of subscribers. This can be done based on demographic data, past purchases, or other relevant factors.

Printed brochures, viral videos, and posters are not ideal communication channels for personalized messages that are neither complex nor emotional. Printed brochures are typically used to provide detailed information about products or services, while viral videos and posters are better suited for emotional or humorous content that can generate buzz and engagement. These communication channels are more appropriate for brand awareness and building a connection with the audience, rather than delivering personalized messages.

In conclusion, email is the most effective communication channel for sending personalized messages that are neither complex nor emotional. It allows businesses to reach their subscribers with targeted messages that are relevant and engaging, while also providing opportunities for segmentation and automation.

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The correct answer would be:People from countries who are used to both Chinese and U.S. business practices.

As per the given context, Patricia is considering expanding her business to China, but she is concerned about finding the right employees. Since Patricia's company is based in the United States, it is reasonable to assume that her current employees and business practices are also rooted in U.S. culture and practices.

Therefore, hiring employees who are already familiar with both Chinese and U.S. business practices would be beneficial for her company's expansion into China. Such employees would be better equipped to navigate the cultural and business differences between the United States and China, helping Patricia's company to operate successfully in China.

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Zappos uses social media to communicate with customers by reaching them wherever they are, exemplifying effective social media marketing.

Social media marketing is a virtual symphony that orchestrates the art of promoting products, services, and brands through social media platforms. It's like a captivating dance, where businesses harmonize with their target audience.

Just as skilled conductors lead an orchestra, social media marketers skillfully curate campaigns, tapping into the rhythms of online communities, and harmonizing messages that resonate with their followers.

This dynamic fusion of creativity and data-driven strategies propels brands into the spotlight, captivating audiences worldwide with a captivating performance of digital influence.

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Risk management today is reported to be practiced by over 71% of organizations. It has become an essential part of project management, and organizations have realized that managing risks is crucial for the success of any project.

Risk management is no longer limited to large corporations or specific industries, but it is an important aspect of every organization's project management strategy. Risk management involves identifying potential risks, assessing their likelihood and impact, and developing strategies to mitigate or avoid them. It is not a one-time event, but rather an ongoing process that should be integrated into every stage of a project's life cycle. Effective risk management helps organizations to minimize the impact of risks on their projects, reduce costs, improve performance, and ensure that projects are delivered on time and within budget.

While risk management can be complex, it does not necessarily involve complicated steps. Some simple steps to minimize uncertainty include identifying potential risks early, developing contingency plans, communicating risks to stakeholders, and regularly monitoring and reviewing risks throughout the project's life cycle. In summary, risk management is no longer an uncommon practice in project management. It is widely recognized as an important aspect of project management and is reported to be practiced by over 71% of organizations. It involves simple steps to minimize uncertainty and should be integrated into every stage of a project's life cycle to ensure project success.

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The annualized forward for the euro/U.S. dollar exchange rate when market quotes are EUR 0.9823 per USD spot and EUR 1.0025 per USD quoted on a three month forward contract is (option (b)) premium; 8.23%.

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The answer for the statement '' account analysis allows for random events to be separated from the underlying relation between costs and activities  '' is True.

Account analysis is a process of analyzing the relationship between costs and activities. It involves segregating the costs into their fixed and variable components and examining how the changes in the level of activity affect the costs.

By separating the random events from the underlying relationship between costs and activities, the account analysis allows for a more accurate understanding of the cost behavior. This helps in making better decisions regarding pricing, cost control, budgeting, and performance evaluation.

Thus, the account analysis is an essential tool for managers to gain insights into the cost structure of their business and to make informed decisions.

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The efficiency in this scenario is 50% (option G). Efficiency is a measure of how well a process or system is performing in comparison to its effective capacity.

It can be calculated by dividing the actual output by the effective capacity and then multiplying by 100 to express the result as a percentage. In this case, the effective capacity is 90 units per day and the utilization is 45%.

To find the actual output, you can use the utilization formula:

Actual Output = Utilization × Design Capacity.

Utilization is 45%, or 0.45, and the design capacity is 100 units per day. Therefore, the actual output is 0.45 × 100 = 45 units per day.

Now that we have the actual output and the effective capacity, we can calculate the efficiency: Efficiency = (Actual Output / Effective Capacity) × 100. Efficiency = (45 / 90) × 100 = 50%.

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