Compared to the oceanic crust, the continental crust is usually thicker, with a less dense granitic composition. The option (1) is the correct answer.
The layer of granitic, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks that makes up the continents and the shallow seafloor around their shorelines is known as the continental crust (continental shelves).
The outermost solid layer of the oceans' lithospheric tectonic plates, which make up the majority of the Earth's surface, is known as oceanic crust.
Under the ocean, the lithosphere's outermost layer is known as the oceanic crust. It is constructed of basalt and lava. The topmost lithosphere layer on land is called continental crust. Granite makes up its structure. The crusts of the oceans are thinner than those of the continents. The continental crust is older and less dense than oceanic crust.
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as compared to the asthenosphere, the lithosphere is _____. group of answer choices hotter and more able to flow hotter and less able to flow cooler and more able to flow cooler and less able to flow geol 101
As compared to the asthenosphere, the lithosphere is cooler and less able to flow .
Option c is correct .
The lithosphere, which is the mechanical layer's outermost layer and which exhibits stiff, brittle behavior, The asthenosphere is a solid portion of the upper mantle that is so heated that it can flow and act plastically.
Differentiation between the heated, more ductile asthenosphere and the cooler, more rigid lithosphere on a chemical and mechanical level. mostly solid rock makes up the middle layer of the Earth. A mountain range under the sea. landmass that develops as a result of tectonic plate interaction. As you move deeper into the earth, the temperatures rise, with the Lithosphere, which is made up of the crust and upper mantle, being the coolest with an average temperature of roughly 300–500°C.
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The correct question is :
As compared to the asthenosphere, the lithosphere is ____________.
a. cooler and more able to flow
b. hotter and more able to flow
c. cooler and less able to flow
d. hotter and less able to flow
what would the temp be in san francisco be if the california current stopped flowing
If the California current stopped flowing, the temp in san Francisco Would be warmer and making it a cool place.
What is temperature?Temperature refers to a measurement that is used to calculate the intensity of heat and Cold present in the environment or under any object. The higher the temperature shows heat and the lower the temperature shows cold.
They are close to the coastline because cold water is flowing south, which keeps things cool during the summer. San Francisco's temperature would likely be warmer if the California Current stopped flowing.
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Which region has strong Catholic and Muslim influences?
according to plate tectonics, oceanic crust forms from upwelling magma that spreads outward from a mid-ocean ridge. what of the statements support this?
Answer:
Divergent plate boundaries occur when two plates move away from each other. Plates diverge when new material is pushed upwards from the mantle between them. These divergent boundaries are the sites of spreading centers and mid-ocean ridges.
In which of the countries shown on Map 16.3 did the only completely successful slave revolt in works history occur?
Haitian revolution is It was the only successful slave revolt in history. so the country will be haiti.
During the Haitian Revolution, which lasted from 1791 to 1804, Africans and their descendants who had been imprisoned by the French overthrew the French government in Haiti and established an independent nation ruled by former slaves.
The buying and selling of slaves between individuals via an auction is referred to as "slave trade." The majority of those who suffered from this biggest human rights violation in history were Black Africans who were held as slaves by White Americans.
The successful slave revolt against slavery in Haiti was unheard of worldwide. As a result, Haiti was founded, becoming the first independent black state.
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Which of the following igneous rocks has a texture consistent with a magma that cooled and solidified slowly at first, followed by more rapid cooling
- Small felsic crystals enclosed in large mafic ones
- Small mafic crystals enclosed in large felsic ones
- Large crystals like those in pegmatite
- Large, early formed crystals surrounded by smaller, late formed crystals
Large, early formed crystals surrounded by smaller, late formed crystals is igneous rocks has a texture consistent with a magma that cooled and solidified slowly at first, followed by more rapid cooling .
Option d is correct .
When molten rock cools and hardens, igneous rocks are created. Because the texture of igneous rocks is influenced by how quickly the rock cools, each type has a unique texture. Rocks that are typically close to the surface cool more quickly than rocks that are not.
Geologists utilize igneous textures to classify rocks and to determine the mode of formation of igneous rocks. Phaneritic, aphanitic, porphyritic, glassy, pyroclastic, and pegmatitic textures are the six major types.
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Which of the following is an important contributor to both global warming and ozone depletion?
a. an increase in the concentration of CO2 to higher than preindustrial levels
b. a buildup of methane in the stratosphere to higher than preindustrial levels
c. an increase in the levels of ultraviolet radiation reaching Earth's surface
d. an increase in the amount of infrared solar radiation absorbed in the troposphere
e. a release of chlorofluorocarbons to the atmosphere
An important contributor to both global warming and ozone depletion is a release of chlorofluorocarbons to the atmosphere. (E)
Carbon, chlorine, and fluorine form the atomic structure of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which are inert and nonflammable compounds. As well as serving as solvents and refrigerants, they are also employed in the production of aerosol sprays, blowing agents for foams and packing materials, and several other products. Rising slowly into the stratosphere, where they are degraded by powerful UV light, releasing chlorine atoms, and then reacting with ozone molecules, gaseous CFCs can destroy the ozone layer.
Lower stratosphere/upper troposphere temperatures cooled by 1.37°C from 1966 to 1998 as a result of CFCs' ozone depletion. According to the international group of scientists, the continued and growing usage of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) would have contributed to a global air temperature rise of an additional 2.5°C by the end of this century. CFCs, which are also powerful greenhouse gases, would be directly responsible for some of that.
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FILL IN THE BLANK If a jetty is built to protect a harbor, it can interfere with longshore drift. On the up-drift side of the jetty, ______, whereas on the down-drift side, ______.
If a jetty is built to protect a harbor, it can interfere with longshore drift. On the up-drift side of the jetty, sand will build up, whereas on the down-drift side, the beach will erode.
A jetty is a structure that projects into water in order to alter the flow of water, create a safe harbor, or do any combination of these things. As a defense against the eroding effects of water's currents, tides, and waves, jetties are an essential component of any safe and secure coastline. It is possible to utilize jetties to dock ships and unload cargo in deeper water that is further from shore. Pier is the common name for this style of jetty. Because jetties are typically built perpendicular to the beach, they can disrupt longshore drift and lead to erosion in down drift areas (Sand that accumulates along the jetties can be moved to other parts of the beach as a preventative measure.)
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for your geology class you have been assigned to groups and given lab assignments to complete as a group. your group completes the lab and you each turn in a copy of the same lab report with your individual name at the top of the page and your lab-mates names listed in the first paragraph. is this a violation of academic integrity
Yes, it is against academic integrity to submit identical lab reports with only the author's name at the top of the page. It is considered academic fraud and plagiarism.
Each student is responsible for completing their own assignments and submitting their own lab report. In a group environment, collaboration and idea sharing are important, but each person also needs to add their own writing, analysis, and insight to the official report.
The report should also clearly indicate the contributions made by each group member.
It is desirable to indicate that the research is a collaborative effort, to indicate the name of each group member on the report home page, and also to indicate their individual contributions to the research.
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In the map below, what is the latitude of point A (number value only)?
Note that parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude are at 30" increments.
The latitude of point A will be 30°N, 150°W.
What is latitude and longitude?Latitude and longitude are coordinates used to describe a location on the surface of the Earth. Latitude is an angular measurement in degrees, minutes and seconds of a location north or south of the equator. Longitude is an angular measurement in degrees, minutes and seconds of a location east or west of the prime meridian. Latitude and longitude are used to precisely locate any point on the Earth’s surface.Latitude is measured with a maximum of 90 degrees from the equator, with the North Pole at 90 degrees north and the South Pole at 90 degrees south. Longitude is measured with a maximum of 180 degrees from the prime meridian, with the International Date Line at 180 degrees east and west. A coordinate pair of latitude and longitude can pinpoint any location on the surface of the Earth.Latitude and longitude are used to create a grid system of lines that intersect at right angles to form a grid pattern. This grid system is used to calculate distances between locations, to plot maps and to determine the direction of travel between two points. Latitude and longitude are also used in navigation systems, such as GPS, to accurately pinpoint a location.To learn more about latitude point refer to:
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the selection of a modern landfill site is based on ___
group of answer choices :
A. sensitivity to local citizens' concerns. B. soil type. C. understanding groundwater geology. D. all of these are correct.
The selection of a modern landfill site is based on D. All of the options mentioned i.e. A. sensitivity to local citizens' concerns, B. soil type, and C. understanding groundwater geology.
Sensitivity to citizens' concerns: The landfill site should be situated in an area where there is little population density and where there is little chance that it would have a negative impact on the locals. This can lessen the likelihood of violence and lessen resident hostility.Soil type: The proposed landfill site's soil type is crucial since various soil kinds have features that can affect the stability and security of the landfill. For instance, clay soils are more stable than sandy soils and can be better at stopping leaks and groundwater contamination.Understanding the geology of groundwater: Landfills may affect the availability and quality of groundwater. In order to ensure that the landfill won't contaminate or deplete the local water supply, it's crucial to understand the geology and hydrology of the groundwater in the area.To learn more about soils:
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scarce rainfall prompted western farmers to use new agricultural techniques known as _____ farming, which maximized the use of limited freshwater.
Scarce rainfall prompted western farmers to use new agricultural techniques known as Dry farming, which maximized the use of limited freshwater.
Dry farming is sometimes defined as crop production without irrigation during a dry season that makes use of the moisture that has been stored in the soil since the rainy season, typically in an area that receives at least 20 inches (50 cm) of annual rainfall.
A method of crop production known as "dry farming" relies on the soil's residual moisture from rainy seasons rather than artificial irrigation. Then, the land is cultivated so that it may rely on this water throughout the dry months without the need for artificial irrigation.
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Question 1. Is species endemicity and richness increase or decrease with increasing of altitude? Justify your answer briefly. 2. According to theory of Island Biogeography, the rate of immigration of new species to an Island decreases as the number of species on the Island increases and the rate of species extinction on the Island increases as the number of species on the Island increases. Explain the reason behind these theories briefly. 3. Discuss the role of ecosystem rehabilitation and restoration in economic, ecological and social aspects. 4. Write the known ecosystems of Ethiopia and categorize them as forest and non-forest ecosystems. them as Forest and Mon-Forest
Answer: Note in Figure 2 that as species richness increases, immigration rate decreases, and extinction
rate increases. At some value of species richness, the two lines cross, indicating that
immigration and extinction rates are equal. At that point, species richness is at equilibrium. In
this figure, equilibrium species richness is a little less than 400 species.
2. It is stable, as you can see from examination of Figure 2. When species richness is less than
the equilibrium value, the immigration rate is higher than the extinction rate, and so species
richness will increase. If species richness exceeds the equilibrium value, the extinction rate is
greater than the immigration rate, and species richness will decrease. Thus, even if species
richness deviates from the equilibrium value, it tends to return to it.
Explanation:It is a dynamic equilibrium. Figure 2 shows that when species richness is at equilibrium,
immigration and extinction are both still greater than zero: thus even though overall species
richness has reached equilibrium, individual species are still going extinct and new species are
still arriving. In this example, the rates of immigration and extinction are equal at about 20
(e.g., in units of species per year). This is the turnover rate.
4. Examine Figure 4, the graph of immigration rates for islands at three distances from the
mainland.
You should see that the immigration line for the near island is the steepest and the line for the
far island is the shallowest. Consequently, the immigration line for the near island crosses the
extinction line farthest to the right, and that for the far island, farthest to the left.
If you drop a vertical line from each of the three crossing points to the horizontal axis, you
will see that the near island has the highest equilibrium species richness (about 550), and the
far island has the lowest Hope this helps :(
ook at the tidal chart and answer the following: this location experiences a [ select ] tidal pattern. given the observed tidal range, one can conclude that the moon was nearly [ select ] at the beginning of the week and nearly [ select ] at the end of the week.
Tidal patterns refer to the daily fluctuations in the level of water in the ocean, caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun on the Earth's surface. These fluctuations are known as tides.
There are two main patterns of tides, which are called:
Diurnal tidal patternsSemidiurnal tidal patternsDiurnal tidal patterns refer to tides that have one high tide and one low tide each day. These types of tides are typically found in areas with a large continental shelf, such as the Gulf of Mexico.
Semidiurnal tidal patterns refer to tides that have two high tides and two low tides each day. These types of tides are typically found in areas with a narrow continental shelf, such as the Atlantic coast of North America.
There are also other types of tide patterns, such as mixed tide, which is a combination of diurnal and semidiurnal tides.
The answer is general, as this question is incomplete and there is no similar question found.
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Which is a continents, Australia or Oceania.
I need a professional who knows pls
Answer: Australia
Explanation:
Oceania is not big enough to be a continent but Australia is
Why are days longer in summertime and shorter in winter time whoever gives correct answer first gets 100 points
Answer:
Days are longer in the summertime and shorter in the wintertime because of the tilt of the Earth's axis. The Earth's axis is tilted at an angle of about 23.5 degrees relative to its orbit around the sun. This tilt causes different parts of the Earth to receive different amounts of sunlight throughout the year. During the summer, the northern hemisphere is tilted towards the sun, causing the days to be longer. During the winter, the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the sun, causing the days to be shorter. This is why the northern hemisphere experiences summer when the south experiences winter and vice versa.
One method to obtain the absolute age of a sedimentary rock is to obtain a radiometric date on an interbedded volcanic rock.true or false
Yes, An interbedded volcanic rock's radiometric date can be utilized to determine a sedimentary rock's exact age.
Radiometric dating determines the age of a rock or mineral using the decay of radioactive isotopes. Due to their quick formation and the ability of their mineral crystals to retain radioactive isotopes, volcanic rocks are particularly helpful for dating.
Scientists can determine the age of a sedimentary rock that is interbedded with a volcanic rock using the radiometric date of the volcanic rock.
This is due to the sedimentary rock's age, which will be comparable to or somewhat younger than the volcanic rock it is interbedded with.
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Which of the following is a reason why women are being among those most affected by poverty in low-income economies?
Women in low-income nations are disproportionately affected by poverty even though they earn less than males.
Women must be at the forefront of any anti-poverty campaign because they account for 70% of the world's impoverished.
Two-thirds of the world's uneducated people are women, and all women face extra challenges to their social and economic well-being, including the gender pay gap as well as the increased risk of working in vulnerable occupations.
Women and girls are more likely to be sexually exploited, even trafficked, when they are poor.
Domestic and intimate partner abuse victims have fewer alternatives for quitting abusive situations due to a lack of resources and money.
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sean is interested in how climate influences exercise habits. he believes that, on average, people who live in cold climates exercise less than those in warm climates, because the cold weather deters people from exercising outdoors. to investigate his
A hypothesis is a conjecture or a claim based on scant data, yet it serves as the basis for further investigation.
The observed value of a variable serves as an indication (in this case, the variable is the average yearly temperature). The investigative technique can be used to direct the student to circumstances through a guided procedure. Investigative research is the kind of study that embodies an inquiry.
The investigative technique may be applied as a guided procedure that directs the learner to circumstances capable of igniting the desire and enjoyment for knowledge discovery. We can connect this idea to scientific study with certain caveats. With this knowledge, we may draw the conclusion that an investigative research is a sort of study that depicts an inquiry.
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explain the change in temperature and air pressure at the passing of the cold front
Winds become more violent as the cold front moves away. The temperature suddenly drops, and it rains a lot, sometimes with hail, thunder, and lightning. At the front, atmospheric pressure shifts from falling to rising.
Before a cold front leaves, what happens?Precipitation is possible just before and during the passage of a cold front if it is approaching. Expect clearer skies, cooler temperatures, and lower relative humidity behind the front. The development of precipitation prior to and along the cold front .
When a cold front moves through, what happens to the pressure of the air?When a cold front approaches, the barometric pressure typically decreases. After a cold front, the barometric pressure typically rises. Temperatures can drop by dozens of degrees Fahrenheit in a matter of minutes or as much as 30 degrees Fahrenheit in extreme circumstances. Before an approaching cold front, winds frequently gradually shift from the southeast to the south and then southwest. As a cold front approaches, the winds quickly shift to the west and then the northwest.
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Instructions:
The diagrams below are similar to the examples above. If the block has units with letters on
them, put the letters in order from oldest to youngest, like we did with the two examples above.
Add words for erosion events, folding events, intrusions, faults, tilting, etc. If the fault (or
whatever) is labelled with a letter, you will want to refer to it as "Fault A" (or whatever it is
called). If there are several faults and they are not labelled, you can say "the fault on the left" or
the "fault on the right".
If the block IS NOT LABELLED AT ALL (blocks 7 and 8), you are to describe the units. You
also will need to look at the lilthologic unit symbols on the blocks and use the words for the rock
type in place of the description of the symbol. For example, instead of dots, you would say
"sandstone". Instead of the dashes, you would say "shale". And instead of the bricks, you would
say "limestone". V's are volcanic rock, X's are plutonic rocks, etc. Just put your words in order
from oldest to youngest, like you did with the other diagrams.
Solve the relative dating problems in the ten blocks below. Write the answers beside the
blocks, with the oldest units at the bottom and the youngest units on top. Include all
events (folding, faulting, etc.) in their proper sequence.
Nicholas Steno established the following 4 principles for stratigraphy. Stratigraphy teaches us to solve geological puzzles even with insufficient information.
The following principles serve as the foundation for stratigraphic studies: order of superposition, original horizontality, lateral continuity, cross-cutting relationships, inclusions, unconformities, fossil succession, uniformitarianism, and catastrophism.The stratigraphic patterns that rock layers are deposited are described by Steno's laws. They are the laws of superposition, original horizontality, cross-cutting relationships, and lateral continuity. Geologists use the law of superposition as one of their guiding principles when figuring out the relative ages of rock strata, or layers. According to this theory, rock layers are laid down one on top of the other or superimposed. On will be the oldest rock strata.To know more about stratigraphy here
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When water is heated, it's volume ______. Fill ink the blank with the best word choice from the list below.
When water is heated, it's volume increases.
Water expands or gains volume as it is heated. Water loses density as its volume grows. Water shrinks and loses volume as it cools. Water grows denser as its volume decreases. An unusual characteristic of water is anomalous expansion.
The water molecules spread out more and travel more quickly when the water is heated. The molecules' intermolecular distance is growing, which causes this movement. Due to this, heated water is less thick than water at normal temperature. As hot water is less thick than room-temperature water, it floats atop it.
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50 points
Land classification
List the regions of each land classification
I-
II-
III-
IV-
V-
VI-
VII-
VIII-
There are several ways that land can be classified, depending on the context and purpose of the classification. The can include natural regions, political regions, economic, etc.
How island classified mSome common classifications include:
Natural regions: This classification divides land into regions based on physical characteristics, such as climate, topography, and vegetation. Examples include deserts, mountains, and grasslands.
Political regions: This classification divides land into regions based on political boundaries, such as countries, states, and provinces.
Economic regions: This classification divides land into regions based on economic activity, such as industrial areas, agricultural areas, and urban areas.
Cultural regions: This classification divides land into regions based on cultural characteristics, such as language, religion, and customs.
It is important to note that the regions within each classification can overlap and change over time.
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The boundary around the Pacific plate is called the _____ because many volcanoes are produced as the Pacific plate subducts under continental plates. Bermuda triangle Fire starter Ring of Fire Ring of Lava
The boundary around the Pacific plate is called the ring of fire because many volcanoes are produced as the Pacific plate subducts under continental plates.
What are volcanoes?
A volcano is a crack in a planet's crust, such as the one on Earth, that permits hot lava, volcanic ash, and gases to escape from a magma chamber below the surface. Most volcanoes on Earth are found underwater, and they are most frequently found where tectonic plates are diverging or convergent. For instance, the Pacific Ring of Fire has volcanoes created by convergent tectonic plates while the Mid-Atlantic Ridge has volcanoes caused by divergent tectonic plates. In areas where the plates of the crust are being stretched and thinned, such as the East African Rift, the Wells Gray-Clearwater volcanic zone, and the Rio Grande rift in North America, volcanoes can also emerge.
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The following illustrates the caste system in India.
Caste Role
Brahmin priests, scholars
Kshatriya leaders, warriors
Vaishya farmers, merchants
Shudra servants, workers
The caste system is an institution that separates
The people in Indian society into different social classes or castes based on their birth, ancestry, and occupation.
What is the caste system in India?The system is rooted in ancient Hindu tradition and has been present in Indian society for thousands of years. The four castes listed above, Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, and Shudras, are the main castes in the traditional caste system, with Brahmins at the top and Shudras at the bottom.
Therefore, Each caste has its own specific roles and responsibilities within society, and there is little social mobility between the castes. This system has been widely criticized for its discrimination and the way it reinforces social inequality.
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The terms "First World," "Second World," and "Third World" categorize countries according to __________
The terms "First World," "Second World," and "Third World" categorize countries according to degree of economic development and the standard of living.
"First World," "Second World," and "Third World"—those terms were developed during the Cold War. This classification is based on the degree of economic development and the standard of living.
1. The term "First World" refers to countries of capitalistic democracies, such as the United States and Japan.
2. The Second World is a category of countries with moderate economies and living standards, such as China or Cuba.
3. The third category includes the poorest and least developed countries, which include the majority of Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, and Asia.
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What did African kings & merchants want from European in exchange for trading slaves
African kings and merchants had various reasons for trading slaves to European traders, but some of the main things they wanted in exchange for trading slaves were goods such as weapons, textiles, beads, and other luxury items. They also wanted gold, silver, and other forms of currency, which were highly valued in African societies.
European traders had access to a wide variety of goods that were not available in Africa, such as firearms, which were highly valued by African leaders and merchants as a means of consolidating power and protecting their territories. Textiles and other luxury goods, such as beads and jewelry, were also desirable as they were used to signify wealth and status.
European traders also brought new technologies such as the compass, which helped African merchants navigate the seas and expand their trading networks.
In addition to these goods, European traders also offered to pay African kings and merchants in gold, silver, and other forms of currency, which were highly valued in African societies. This payment was used to finance the development of trade networks, the construction of forts, and the maintenance of armies.
Overall, African kings and merchants traded slaves to European traders in exchange for goods, technologies, and currencies that could help them consolidate power, expand their trade networks, and improve their standard of living.
How far from the baseline is Township 4 North,
Range 2 East?
A. 0 - 6 miles
B. 6 - 12 miles
C. 12 - 18 miles
D. 18 - 24 miles
The baseline is 18–24 miles away from Township 4 North, Range 2 East. Thus, the correct answer is D.
Township 4 North, Range 2 East refers to a specific location on a land survey system used in the United States. The system is divided into townships and ranges, with each township being 6 miles square and each range being 6 miles wide. The location of Township 4 North, Range 2 East would be 18–24 miles from the baseline, as it is located 4 townships north of the baseline and 2 ranges east of the baseline. This means it is 24 miles north of the baseline and 12 miles east of the baseline, for a total distance of 18 to 24 miles from the baseline.
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fill in the blank. in the context of the ecological processes involved in the concentric zone theory,___refers to the process by which a new category of people or type of land use arrives in an area previously occupied by another group or type of land use. group of answer choices degrowth unionism invasion diffusion
In the context of the ecological processes involved in the concentric zone theory. Invasion refers to the process by which a new category of people or type of land use arrives in an area previously occupied by another group or type of land use.
What is concentric zone theory?A model of city internal structure in which social groups are spatially organized in a series of rings. The lower class lives closer to the center, while the upper class lives further away.
Invasion refers to the process by which a new category of people or type of land use arrives in an area previously occupied by another group or type of land use. Unionism: any set of political principles based on the idea that two or more political or national units should be joined or remain together, such as Northern Ireland remaining a part of the United Kingdom, is referred to as unionism.Diffusion: the method by which a new idea is communicated to members of a social system over time through specific channels.Degrowth: a 1970s-era radical economic theory. It generally refers to shrinking rather than growing economies in order to use fewer of the world's dwindling resources.Here to learn more about Concentric zone theory:
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use the mineral identification charts to identify which mineral would be light-colored and have a non-metallic luster with a hardness greater than 6.5 (streak plate). the hardness is on the far left of the sheet and refers to the mohs hardness scale which ranges from 1 (softest) - 10 (hardest).
A mineral with a hardness of greater than 6.5 on the Mohs scale and is light in color and lacking a metallic luster is known as quartz. It rates as 7 on the scale of hardness.
Quartz is a mineral that comes in a wide range of shapes and colors, including clear, white, and colored varieties. It stands out thanks to its pale hue and non-metallic luster. In addition, quartz, which has a Mohs hardness of seven, is relatively tough.
This indicates that it can scratch a penny but not a steel nail. Using a scale from 1 (the softest) to 10 (the hardest), the Mohs scale is used to determine how hard a mineral is.
Quartz is distinguishable from other minerals by its hardness and luster and is harder than 6.5 on the hardness scale. It can also be distinguished by its white streak color.
Quartz is a typical mineral present in many different types of rocks and is used in a wide range of decorative and industrial applications.
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