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2.what are the main differences between modern climate changes and the ones that occurred in the past

Has the herbicide caused damage to the corn would help determine whether the corn is expressing the gene that provides herbicide resistance.

Herbicides are frequently used in fields to lessen the number of undesirable plants that are vying for resources with desirable ones.

Different species are impacted by herbicides in various ways. They might destroy plants, interfere with photosynthesis and reproduction, among other things.

In the example given, we can see that the herbicide in question kills a variety of plant species in the areas where it is applied.

After utilising the product, the first thing we need assess is the condition of the corn to see if it is expressing the resistance gene.

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The correct option is A ;  Has the herbicide caused damage to the corn? Is the herbicide causing damage to the corn? This will assist assess whether the crop is expressing the herbicide resistance gene.

In fields, herbicides are routinely employed to reduce the number of undesired plants competing for resources with beneficial ones.

Herbicides affect different species in different ways. They have the potential to damage plants and disrupt photosynthesis and reproduction, among other things.

We can see from the example that the herbicide in issue destroys a wide range of plant species in the locations where it is sprayed.

The first thing we need to examine after using the product is the state of the maize to determine if it is expressing the resistance gene.

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"Microbiology with Diseases by Body System, 5th Edition" is likely a textbook that is used in a course on microbiology, with an emphasis on the relationship between microorganisms and human disease.

The book likely covers the basic biology of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, and their role in causing infections in different body systems. The text may be organized by body system, with chapters devoted to specific diseases caused by microorganisms in the skin, respiratory, cardiovascular, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems, as well as the nervous system. The book is likely to include information on how microorganisms cause infections, how they are transmitted, and how they are diagnosed, treated, and prevented.

The fifth edition of the book probably includes updates and new information on recent advances in the field of microbiology, such as new organisms, new diseases, new diagnostic methods, and new treatments. It may also include new information on the epidemiology of diseases, the mechanism of pathogenesis, and the host response to infection. It may also have new sections on emerging and re-emerging diseases, the role of microbes in chronic diseases, and the impact of antibiotics on human health and the environment. Additionally, the book may include new pedagogical tools such as case studies, problem-based learning, or interactive multimedia that will help students to understand the material and apply it to real-world scenarios.

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Answer:

Stephen Hawking  

Explanation:

at the opening of the 2012 London Paralympics games

Anatomy and Physiology are very good at healing and repairing of damaged tissues such as sunburn and skinned knees.

The most common causes of scraped knees are falling or rubbing your knee on a rough surface. The majority of the time, it's not a serious injury and can be treated at home. To prevent an infected scraped knee, there are certain precautions to follow.

Most knee skinnings recover in one to two weeks. However, get in touch with your family doctor if you spot any infection-related symptoms. According to HealthyChildren.org, if the wound site expands, turns red or hot, develops drainage, or has an unpleasant odor, it is best to get medical assistance.

Hence, healing and repairing is the correct option to fill.

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Variations in the color of flamingos appear to be determined by their diet, and not their genes, which may be described in an investigation that provides evidence to support this hypothesis in which we see that color in offspring of flamingos changes in regard to parents while it is associated with food habits.

An observational study is a type of experimental procedure in which field observations are used to confirm or reject our working hypothesis.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that observational studies are appropriate to confirm data in the field such as the reason for the color of the flamingo in this case.

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The trophic level that limits the population size, biomass and energy in the other trophic levels is the primary producer level.

This is because the primary producers form the base of the food chain, meaning that all other trophic levels rely on them for the energy needed to sustain the population size, biomass and energy of the other trophic levels.

Without the primary producers, the other trophic levels would not be able to exist, as they would not have access to the energy needed to sustain their populations.

Therefore, the primary producer level is crucial in maintaining the population size, biomass and energy of the other trophic levels.

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Answer: Help is Here!

Explanation:

Once every 24 hours Earth fully with us on it. When we are on the side of Earth that is facing the Sun, we have daylight from the sun. As Earth continues its spin, we are moved away from our Sun, and we have night time because there is no more light from the sun (on our side).

The muscle contraction that permits the muscles to shorten is concentric contraction while producing force and overcoming resistance. Muscle cells are made to contract. Muscles enable movements such as walking, as well as bodily processes such as respiration and digestion.

Muscle tissue is divided into three kinds in the body: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Sarcomeres, the basic unit of muscle tissue, make up skeletal muscle tissue.

The sliding filament model of muscle contraction describes how muscle contraction takes place when sarcomeres shorten and thick and thin filaments slide past each other. The energy for cross-bridge formation and filament sliding is provided by ATP. Cross-bridge establishment is regulated by proteins such as troponin and tropomyosin.  

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Overall, the number of possible gamete combinations that can be produced by a mosquito with no homologous recombination between its chromosomes is equal to 2^n, where n is the number of chromosomes.

The number of combinations of gametes that can be produced by a mosquito can vary depending on the number of chromosomes it possesses.

In the case of a mosquito with no homologous recombination between its chromosomes, the number of possible gamete combinations is equal to 2^n, where n is the number of chromosomes.

These combinations are generated through a process called meiosis, which is the process of cell division that produces gametes.

During meiosis, chromosomes that have been replicated during DNA replication pair up with their homologous chromosome, and then move to opposite poles of the cell.

As a result, there is a random assortment of chromosomes that can occur, which leads to the production of different gamete combinations.

In addition to the random assortment of chromosomes, there can also be independent assortment of alleles. This is because each chromosome carries a pair of alleles, which are alternative forms of a gene, and these can be shuffled in a variety of combinations. This further increases the number of possible gamete combinations.

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The simplest explanation for this inheritance pattern.

When two alleles of a single gene, one of which may be entirely dominant over the other, are present, simple (or Mendelian) inheritance refers to the transmission of features that are governed by that gene. Whether simple features are governed by genes on autosomes or by genes on sex chromosomes determines the pattern of inheritance.

One of the 22 pairs of human autosomes contains the genes that regulate autosomal characteristics. Autosomal qualities are inherited in the same way regardless of the sex of the parent or offspring because autosomes are all the chromosomes other than the X and Y chromosomes.

Sex-linked qualities are those that are regulated by genes on the sex chromosomes. The majority of sex-related features are governed by genes on the X chromosome because of the tiny size of the Y chromosome. They are known as X-linked characteristics. Because males only have one X chromosome, single-gene X-linked traits inherit differently from single-gene autosomal traits. Every male receives an X chromosome from their mother, and they all pass it on to their daughters but not to their sons.

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DDT has adverse affect on our environment due to its presence for a long time. In 1972, DDT was banned for use in the United States due to its damaging environmental effects.

DDT is an insecticide that can pass up in the food chain i.e. from insects to small birds, and then from small birds to big birds like hawks. High concentrations of DDT in birds leads to weakness in the egg shells.

This leads to a decrease in their population so we can conclude that DDT has adverse affect on our environment due to its presence for a long time.

Therefore, DDT has adverse affect on our environment due to its presence for a long time. In 1972, DDT was banned for use in the United States due to its damaging environmental effects.

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Answer: The cells actual size is 0.1

Explanation:  

If a cell measures 10 mm when magnified a hundred times the the actual size of the cell would be 0.1 mm.

The size of a cell depends on the type of the cell that is whether the cell is eukaryotic or prokaryotic, and on the type of organism to which the cell belongs. The prokaryotic cells are usually smaller than the eukaryotic cells. A typical eukaryotic cell ranges from 0.2- 2 micrometers in size.

The eukaryotic cells have a larger size ranging from 10-100 micrometers. They are about ten times larger in size than prokaryotic cells. Most plant cells are 10-100 micrometers across, while animal cells typically measure between 10 and 30 micrometers.

Animals, fungi, plants, and protists all have eukaryotic cells. Most of them have a nucleus, an organelle encased in a membrane known as the nuclear envelope, where DNA is kept.

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a eukaryotic cell can be distinguished from a prokaryotic cell because only a eukaryotic cell will have nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

True nuclei, which are membrane-bound compartments that house the cell's genetic material, are characteristics of eukaryotic cells. Instead of a proper nucleus, prokaryotic cells have a single circular DNA molecule that is not encased in a membrane.

Prokaryotic cells lack other membrane-bound organelles such lysosomes, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum, which are present in eukaryotic cells.

These organelles serve distinct purposes, such as the creation of energy by the mitochondria, the transport and folding of proteins by the endoplasmic reticulum, and the breakdown and recycling of cellular components by the lysosomes.

Eukaryotic cells are not immortal unlike the prokaryotic cells.

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A eukaryotic cell can be distinguished from a prokaryotic cell by the presence of a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic cells have true nuclei, which are membrane-bound compartments that house the cell's genetic material. Prokaryotic cells lack a proper nucleus in favour of a single circular DNA molecule that is not encased in a membrane.

Prokaryotic cells lack other membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells, such as lysosomes, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum.

These organelles perform different functions, such as energy production by mitochondria, protein transport and folding by the endoplasmic reticulum, and cellular component breakdown and recycling by lysosomes. Eukaryotic cells, unlike prokaryotic cells, are not immortal.

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The capacitance vessels are venous system which has the power to accommodate an increased volume of blood.

The term "venous system" describes the network of veins in your body as well as the connections those veins make with other blood arteries and organs. There are two primary circuits or sections to your venous system. The pulmonary circuit and the systemic circuit are these. Blood must flow through veins, arteries, and capillaries in order for each circuit to function.

Three layers of tissues and fibres make up each vein:

Your vein's tunica adventitia (outer layer) provides it shape and structure.

Smooth muscle cells in the tunica medium (middle layer) enable your vein to enlarge or contract as blood flows through it.

Blood can flow smoothly through your vein thanks to the smooth endothelium lining of the tunica intima (inner layer).

During respiration, the skeletal-muscle pump and the thoracic breathing pump work together to help create venous pressure and return blood to the heart. Mean arterial pressure refers to the pressure throughout the entire circulatory system (MAP). Hence veins tolerate high pressure and refer to as capacitance vessels of the body.

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Capacitive vessels are the venous system with the capacity to hold an increased volume of blood.

The term venous system describes the network of veins in the body and how those veins connect to other blood vessels and organs. The venous system consists of two main circuits or sections. These are the pulmonary circulation and the systemic circulation. For circuits to function, blood must flow through veins, arteries, and capillaries. Each vein is composed of three layers of tissue and fibers.

The adventitia (outer layer) of a vein gives it shape and structure.

Smooth muscle cells in the tunica media (middle layer) allow veins to expand or contract as blood flows.

The smooth endothelial layer of the intima (lining) allows blood to flow smoothly through veins.

During breathing, the skeletal muscle pump and chest respiratory pump work together to create venous pressure to push blood back to the heart. Mean arterial pressure refers to the pressure “MAP” throughout the circulatory system. Therefore, veins withstand high pressure and are called capacitive vessels of the body.

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Answer:

RNA

Explanation:

However, unlike DNA, RNA is usually a single-stranded molecule. Also, the sugar in RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose (ribose contains one more hydroxyl group on the second carbon), which accounts for the molecule's name. RNA consists of four nitrogenous bases: adenine, cytosine, uracil, and guanine.

The diffusion rate in millimeters per minute would be 1 millimeter per minute (5 millimeters / 5 minutes = 1 millimeter per minute).

The diffusion rate is a proportion of how rapidly a substance moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

For the given example, the food coloring is moving a distance of 5 millimeters in a time span of 5 minutes. To calculate the diffusion rate, we partition the distance went when it took to travel that distance.

So in this model:

5 millimeters (distance)/5 minutes (time) = 1 millimeter each moment (diffusion rate).

This intends that in one moment, the food coloring voyages a distance of 1 millimeter. The unit "millimeter each minute" can likewise be composed as "mm/min"

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The diffusion rate in millimeters per minute is 1 millimeter per minute. Molecules disperse from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration through the process of diffusion.

This process is driven by the random motion of the molecules in a solution. In this case, the food coloring is moving from a region of higher concentration (where it was initially placed) to a region of lower concentration (the surrounding solution).

By dividing the distance traveled (5 millimeters) by the time elapsed (5 minutes), we can calculate the diffusion rate in millimeters per minute. In this case, the diffusion rate is 1 millimeter per minute.

This is a relatively slow rate of diffusion, because the molecules of the food coloring are relatively large compared to the surrounding molecules, which makes it more difficult for them to move.

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Coevolution is the cycle wherein species apply particular tension on one another and progressively develop new highlights or ways of behaving because of those tensions.

coevolution, the course of corresponding transformative change that happens between sets of species or among gatherings of species as they collaborate with each other.

Advantageous interaction is portrayed as a component that drives toward coevolution both in nature and in undertakings. In light of this structure, instances of undertakings are broken down to exhibit these cooperative and consequently coevolutionary connections and their consequences for an organization's presentation.

Many instances of coevolution can be found among plants and bugs. For instance, plants and their pollinators are so dependent on each other and their connections are some of the time so restrictive that researchers have a valid justification to imagine that "matches" between the two are the consequence of a coevolutionary interaction.

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Coevolution works by exerting reciprocal selective pressure on two or more species, similar to an arms race where competitors try to outdo one another.

Predator-prey, host-parasite, and other competitive relationships between organisms are classic examples. In On the Origin of Species, Charles Darwin mentioned evolutionary interactions between flowering plants and insects (1859). He postulated that plants and insects may evolve through reciprocal evolutionary changes, however he did not use the term "coevolution." In the late 1800s, naturalists investigated further instances of how interactions between species could lead to reciprocal evolutionary change. Plant pathologists started creating breeding programmes in the 1940s, which are illustrations of coevolution driven by humans. Rapid evolution of pathogen populations was encouraged by the development of new crop plant varieties that were disease resistant.

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The connective tissues support and protect and give stricture. The smooth muscles are involuntary non straighter muscles. The epithelial cells that line the surface of the body. The correct option is C

Tissue can be defined as a group of cells that have similar structure and that function together as a unit.

There are primary types of body tissues are :

Therefore, Connective tissue is the most abundant tissue type in our body. It connects other cells and tissues together. It is typically found in our bones, cartilage, adipose, collagen, blood and many other areas in our body

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The popular community pantries are a perfect example of mutualism. We say so as mutualism is an ecological relationship between two or more organisms that mutually benefit one another.

In this case, the community pantries provide food to those in need, while members of the community donate food to support their local pantries.

This creates a mutually beneficial relationship where those in need are able to get food, and those who can give food can help the community.

The benefits of mutualism are clear in this example. Those in need can access food they would not otherwise have, while members of the community can help those in need while also getting a sense of satisfaction by giving back to their community.

Additionally, members of the community can build relationships through their donations and be part of a community that helps each other.

Overall, the community pantries are a great example of mutualism, where both parties involved benefit in some way.

The pantries provide food to those in need while also providing a sense of community and satisfaction to those who are donating food.

The question can correctly be written as:

Which ecological relationship is shown by the popular community pantries? Why do you say so?

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Stem cells are so desirable because they can effectively be used for replacement of diseased cells with the healthy ones.

Stem cells generate healthy cells to replace diseased cells and therefore, are regarded as regenerative medicines. Stem cells can be directed to become specific cells that can be used in humans to regenerate and repair tissues damaged or affected by disease. This is why they are so desirable. They also help us to better understand about how diseases occur.

Stem cells are the raw materials of the body, the cells that give rise to all other cells with specialized functions. Under the right conditions, stem cells divide to form more cells known as daughter cells in the body or in a laboratory. These daughter cells either differentiate into new stem cells or become specialised cells with a more specific function, such as blood cells, brain cells, heart muscle cells, or bone cells. No other cell in the body has the ability to naturally generate new cell types.

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Stem cells are highly sought-after due to their potential to transform into various cell types.

This makes them incredibly versatile and useful to medical professionals, as they can be used to replace and regenerate damaged cells and tissues.

Additionally, stem cells can be used to study the development of diseases, test new treatments, and even provide new sources of organs and tissues for transplantation.

Furthermore, stem cells have the potential to divide and renew themselves for long periods of time, which makes them invaluable in treating a wide range of diseases and conditions, including cancer, neurological disorders, and immune system illnesses.

Finally, stem cells also provide a potential source of new organs and tissues for transplantation, as well as for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

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Arterioles are the type of vessels which dilate in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine to facilitate the increased blood flow to skeletal muscles during strenuous exercise.

When we are involved in a strenuous physical exercise, the oxygen consumption of our body gets increased by many fold. This oxygen is required by our skeletal muscles.

Hormones like epinephrine as well as norepinephrine along with dopamine are secreted by the adrenal medulla during exercise and are very important because these hormones act as central motor stimulators as well as peripheral vascular dilators to enhance enzyme systems and calcium release in muscle. Arterioles are the vessels which get dilated in response to these hormones.

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Similar physical forces used by proteins to bind with DNA and RNA include electrostatic forces (salt bridges), dipolar forces (hydrogen bonds, H-bonds), entropic forces (hydrophobic contacts), and dispersion forces (base stacking).

The portion of a protein known as the ligand's binding site, which interacts with a ligand, often consists of a cavity in the protein surface created by a specific arrangement of amino acids. When the protein folds, these amino acids may come from various polypeptide chain segments that are brought together. The previously stated SH2 domain, which is frequently utilised to move a protein containing it to places in the plasma membrane, is an example of how other portions of the protein might act as a handle to move the protein to a specific spot in the cell.

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The bonds involved in the transient protein DNA interaction are Ionic bond, Vander waal force and Hydrogen bonds.

DNA acts as an important component for the genetic expression of various characteristics. Protein DNA interaction takes place when a protein gets bound to a DNA molecule.

The reaction for the above mentioned mechanism is responsible for the regulatory functions of DNA, especially in terms of genetic expression.

This protein DNA interaction depending upon various parameters could be specific as well as non-specific also and hence to carry these transient protein DNA interactions bonds like ionic, Vander wall and hydrogen are required.

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Answer:

breakdown of DNA into small pieces

Explanation:

Steps in DNA fingerprinting:-

When 40% acetonitrile is added to haemoglobin at pH 10, the quaternary structure is lost, causing the and polypeptides to separate. four [tex]\alpha[/tex] and [tex]\beta[/tex] polypeptides dissociate, peptide bonds between amino acids, and [tex]\alpha[/tex] and [tex]\beta[/tex].

Red blood cells include the protein haemoglobin, which transports oxygen to your body's organs and tissues and carbon dioxide from those tissues back to your lungs. You have a low red blood cell count if a haemoglobin test finds that your haemoglobin level is lower than normal (anemia)

Based on the sort of structure they possess, proteins can be divided into 4 categories. The amino acid sequence order serves as the foundation for the primary structure. The amino acids' ability to form hydrogen bonds (such as -helixes or -sheets) determines the secondary structure. Based on the three-dimensional foldings that a single protein (monomeric protein) or polypeptide chain can acquire, the Tertiary Structure is a protein's final state. A collection of monomeric proteins or a multimer protein can obtain the quaternary structure by combining two or more subunits. In this instance, it denotes the disassembly or denaturalization of the four haemoglobin subunits and heme group in 40% acetonitrile at pH 10.0.

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The correct answer is:

Hemoglobin is iron-containing oxygen-transport metalloprotein in blood that carried oxygen from the lungs or gills to the tissues of the body. It is composed of four separate proteins: two [tex]\alpha[/tex] and two [tex]\beta[/tex] subunits.  when it is subjected to  40% acetonitrile at ph 10.0, looses its quaternary structure, which means the __________

a. four [tex]\alpha[/tex] and [tex]\beta[/tex] polopeptides disssociate

b. polypeptide bonds between amino acids break

c. [tex]\alpha[/tex] and [tex]\beta[/tex] polypeptides lose their 3-D structure

d. four [tex]\alpha[/tex] and [tex]\beta[/tex] polypeptides dissociate, peptide bonds between amino acids, and [tex]\alpha[/tex] and [tex]\beta[/tex]

e. none

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Addition of 40-ethonitrile to hemoglobin at pH 10 results in loss of quaternary structure and separation of the polypeptides.

Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin, which carries oxygen to the organs and tissues of the body and from those tissues carbon dioxide back to the lungs. If a hemoglobin test shows that your hemoglobin levels are lower than normal (anemia), you have a low red blood cell count.

Proteins are divided into four categories he based on their structure. The order of amino acid sequences is the basis of primary structure. The ability of amino acids to form hydrogen bonds (such as helices and sheets) determines their secondary structure. Tertiary structure is the final state of a protein, based on the three-dimensional folds that a single protein (monomeric protein) or polypeptide chain can adopt. Assembly of monomeric proteins or multimeric proteins can obtain quaternary structure by combining two or more subunits. In this case, we show the degradation or denaturation of the four hemoglobin subunits and the heme group in 40-ethonitrile at pH 10.0.

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The nerve cells which receive stimuli and transmit action potentials are referred to as neurons. The neurons and glia make up the nervous system. Neurons are specialized cells that can send and receive chemical and electrical impulses. Similar to an electrical wire, a neuron sends signals from one location to another.

Upon being stimulated, nerve cells send action potentials to other neurons or effector organs. They are arranged into intricate networks that carry out nervous system operations. Action potentials, a type of electrical event, and chemical neurotransmitters are two ways that neurons can communicate with one another. An action potential leads a neuron to release a chemical neurotransmitter at the connection between the two neurons. Afferent or sensory neurons gather stimuli from the skin, eyes, ears, and other external and internal organ receptors as well as pain and other receptors.

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Nerve cells that receive stimuli and transmit action potentials are Neurons. they use chemical and electrical signals to communicate.

Neurons, which are specialized cells that are capable of receiving and transmitting chemical or electrical signals, and glia, which are cells that support the neurons, make up the nervous system. An electrical wire can be compared to a neuron: It conveys information from one location to another.

Action potentials are the electrical signals that carry information from one neuron to another; Neurotransmitters are the chemical signals that move information from one neuron to another.

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Amenorrhea is an absence of menstruation, which can be the result of multiple causes including pregnancy, menopause, PCOS, thyroid disorder, weight loss or gain, stress, medications, genetics, and eating disorder.

Some of the most common causes of amenorrhea are:

Pregnancy: This is the most obvious cause of amenorrhea, as menstruation stops during pregnancy.

Menopause: As women approach menopause, the ovaries stop producing eggs and estrogen levels decrease, leading to the cessation of menstruation.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): This is a hormonal disorder that can cause irregular or absent periods.

Thyroid disorders: The thyroid gland plays a role in regulating hormones and metabolism, and thyroid disorders can disrupt normal menstrual function.

Excessive weight loss or weight gain: Significant changes in weight can affect hormone levels and disrupt the menstrual cycle.

Stress: Stress can affect hormone levels and disrupt the menstrual cycle.

Certain medications: Certain medications, such as birth control pills, can also cause amenorrhea.

Genetics/ familial history: Some women may have a genetic predisposition to amenorrhea

Eating disorders: Anorexia and bulimia can disrupt the menstrual cycle and cause amenorrhea.

It is important to note that some women may have functional amenorrhea which is a temporary absence of menstruation caused by stress, high level of physical activity, or other lifestyle factors.

It's important to see a healthcare provider if you have amenorrhea, as it can be caused by a variety of medical conditions that need to be diagnosed and treated.

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Answer:

metaphase

Explanation:

Hope this helps!

A, C, D, and E all support the student's claim that the yeast is using energy, B does not fit with the supporting evidence.

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Two examples of how the land can be used to support the growth of trees in your local community are the reforestation of urban areas and green corridors for wildlife.

Green corridors are corridors of open land and natural areas that connect fragmented habitats and are designed to provide wildlife with corridors to disperse and explore.

Therefore, with this data, we can see that green corridors for wildlife and also the reforestation of different regions in a city may provide strong support for the growth of trees for a given community.

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