All of the following are postulates of the kinetic molecular theory of gases except option D. (at a constant temperature, each molecule has the same kinetic energy).
It is not a postulate of the kinetic theory of gases because the theory states that at a constant temperature, all molecules have the same average kinetic energy as it varies for different molecules due to the fact that they have different velocities.
A qualitative and quantitative description of the characteristics of an ideal gas can be found in something called the kinetic molecular theory. It defines how the molecules move and how they interact with each other while treating the molecules that make up the gas as if they were point masses. In addition to this, it clarifies the connection that exists between the velocities, pressure, and kinetic energy of the molecules.
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determine whether each of the amino acids is polar neutral, hydrophobic, positively charged, or negatively charged. g
Based on these characteristics, amino acids can be categorized Asparagine (Asn), Glutamine (Gln), Serine (Ser), Threonine (Thr), and Tyrosine are polar, neutral amino acids (Tyr).
Alanine, Leucine, Isoleucine, Proline, Phenylalanine, Methionine, and Valine are among the hydrophobic amino acids (Val) Histidine (His), Arginine (Arg), and Lysine are amino acids with positive charges (Lys) Amino acids with negative charges include glutamic acid and aspartic acid (Asp) (Glu) It's critical to note that these categories are generalizations and that an amino acid's actual behavior might depend on its surroundings and interactions with other molecules.Based on these characteristics, amino acids can be categorized Asparagine (Asn), Glutamine (Gln), Serine (Ser), Threonine (Thr), and Tyrosine are polar, neutral amino acids (Tyr). It's critical to note that these categories are generalizations and that an amino acid's actual behavior might depend on its surroundings and interactions with other molecules.
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Write a complete arrow-pushing mechanism for the following reaction under acidcatalyzed conditions H3 C H +CH3 CH 2 OH⟶
A clear and precise depiction of the reactants and products is required for a comprehensive arrow-pushing mechanism.The reaction between H3C-H and CH3CH2OH occurs under acid-catalyzed .
conditions as follows: The acid catalyst, such as H2SO4, transfers a proton (H+) to the alcohol molecule's oxygen atom.resulting in the formation of a hydroxyl ion (CH3CH2O-). This hydroxyl ion is nucleophilic and attacks the alkane molecule's electrophilic carbon atom, generating a tetrahedral intermediate. As the intermediate forms, a link between the carbon atom and the proton is broken, resulting in the formation of a carbocation (H3C+). The link between the oxygen atom and the hydroxyl ion is also broken, resulting in the formation of a water molecule (H2O) and a new alcohol molecule (CH3CH2OH). The electron-rich oxygen atom stabilizes the carbocation, and the reaction is completed with the production of a new carbon-oxygen bond, yielding the result molecule CH3C-O-CH3. Under acid-catalyzed conditions, the overall arrow-pushing mechanism for this reaction is (Protonated alcohol) -> H3C+ + CH3CH2O- (Carbocation intermediate) -> CH3C-O-CH3 + H2O (Product).
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how has our understanding of matter changed over time?
Matter has evolved from the four elements to the new understanding of the quantum dimensions of matter.
What is matter?Our understanding of matter has changed significantly over time. In ancient times, matter was thought to be made up of four elements: earth, air, fire, and water. The Greek philosopher Aristotle proposed a system of matter in which everything was made up of combinations of these four elements.
More recently, scientists have been studying the properties of dark matter and dark energy, which are thought to make up most of the universe, but are not yet well understood.
Overall, our understanding of matter has evolved from the ancient belief in four elements, to the modern understanding that matter is made up of atoms, which are made up of smaller subatomic particles and are affected by particle fields and quantum mechanics.
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suppose a sequence of enzymatically catalyzed reactions converts substrate a to final product d through a sequence of reactions involving the production of intermediate products b and c as shown. product d inhibits enzyme e1. if the enzymes e1-e3 are all present in a test tube and substrate a is added to the reaction mixture, how will the concentration of intermediate b change? e1 e2 e3 a b c d first increase, then decrease increase to a fixed value increase to the concentration of a added oscillate between zero and the concentration of a added remain at zero
first increase, then decrease When A is added, some B will be produced, so its concentration will rise. As D is produced and begins to inhibit E1, the rate of production of B will fall.
Since E2 causes C to be produced from B, the concentration of B will then fall.The concentration of intermediate product b will first increase as it is produced by enzyme e1, but it will eventually decrease as product d accumulates and inhibits enzyme e1, slowing down the production of intermediate b.sequence of enzymatically catalyzed reactions converts substrate a to final product d through a sequence of reactions involving the production of intermediate products b and c as shown. product d inhibits enzyme e1. if the enzymes e1-e3 are all present in a test tube and substrate a is added to the reaction mixture,e1 e2 e3 a b c d first increase, then decrease increase to a fixed value increase to the concentration of a added oscillate between zero and the concentration of a added remain at zero.
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Consider the composition. information from the SDS. What is a possible name of this compound?
A. Glycine
B. Glycogen
C. Glycerol
The compound that has been shown in the SDS is glycerol.
What is the SDS?We know that the term SDS is the acronym that stands for the safety data sheet. This is the sheet that is able to show us the behavior of a substnace. We know that it is possible to classify the compound by looking at the sheet.
In the sheet we have been told that the compound is non volatile and that the compound does not so easily ignite and it can be safely stored in a humid condition.
This tells us a lot about the properties of the compound.
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Suppose you modify the glycine-tRNA so that the glycine is changed to valine. Based on the results of the Benzer experiments, _______ because the protein synthesis machinery recognizes the _______.
proteins would have valines where glycines normally are; amino acid attached to the tRNA
nothing should change in proteins; tRNA anticodon
nothing should change in proteins; amino acid attached to the tRNA
proteins would have valines where glycines normally are; tRNA anticodon
proteins would have glycines where valines normally are; amino acid attached to the tRNA
The synthesis of proteins machinery detects the tRNA anticodon, thus based on the findings of the Benzer experiment, protein would also have valines wherever glycines ordinarily are.
The definition of valine:C5H11NO2, a crystallized essential amino acid, is a component of both vegetable and animal proteins. Your body uses branched-chain amino acids to help create energy. Valine is mostly present in protein-rich foods such meat, fish, soy, as well as dairy.
What components make up valine?A sectioned amino acid called valine is made up of the amino acid glycine with the hydrogen linked to the alpha-carbon replaced by an isopropyl compound. It functions as a plant molecule and a metabolite for Daphnia magna.
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Disulfide bridges stabilize which of the following levels of protein structure?a) primaryb) secondaryc) tertiaryd) all of the abovee) none of the above
Disulfide bridges stabilize the tertiary level of protein structure.
Although many proteins are composed of many subunits, their organization into quaternary structures is not universal. Usually, disulfide bonds will link β-sheets, α-helices, and loops; this indicates that they predominantly maintain tertiary structure, as opposed to secondary structure, which refers to local conformations and is maintained mostly by hydrogen bonds, making proteins more stable and less likely to unfold. As the pH of a solution rises, acidic groups on proteins are deprotonated, resulting in a net positive charge on the protein. The spatial structure of a protein, however, is critical to its activity. It can only recognize and bind to the molecules it's designed to work with in its natural state.
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a sample of a substance has a mass of 50.0 grams, g, and occupies a volume of 3.95 milliliters, ml. calculate the density of the object in grams per milliliter, gml.please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices
Density of the given sample is 12.66 grams per milliliter.
Mass per unit volume is the definition of a material's density. The degree to which matter is packed together is fundamentally measured by density. It is a particular physical characteristic of a specific thing.
Density = mass/volume
Given mass = 50g
Given Volume = 3.95mL
According to question, we are required to find the density in units : grams per milliliter
Since the given values for mass and volume are grams and milliliters respectively, no change in units is required.
Putting the given values in the formula, Density = mass/volume
Density = 50/3.95
Density = 12.658 grams per milliliter
We can say, Density = 12.66 grams per milliliter
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analyze the differences in the ideas held by various enlightenment figures concerning the roles of women in europeansociety
Despite being limited by traditional gender roles, women had more access to ideas during the Enlightenment. Learn about the impact of the Enlightenment and the position of women prior to that time.
Discover how they were treated and discover the results of the advancement of women's rights and liberties. The simplest way to digest and analyse the information provided here about this historical period is probably to grasp Immanuel Kant's definition of the Enlightenment, which was that it was a time concerned with acquiring the freedom to use your own intelligence. During the Age of Enlightenment, particularly in France, several women participated in the salon culture. Philosophers or intellectuals would meet with friends for intellectually stimulating salons, usually held at someone's home.
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which of the following options correctly express the relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas at constant pressure?
O the gas particles collide with the walls of the container with a greater forceO The surface area of the walls of the container decreasesO The gas increase in volume because the particles increase in sizeO The gas particles move faster O The volume of the gas sample will increase
The following options correctly express the relationship between the volume and temperature of a gas at constant pressure is C. The gas increase in volume because the particles increase in size
Charles' law is a law that studies the behavior of gases in chemistry, such as how temperature affects the volume of a gas under constant pressure. Charles's law describes empirical relationships in the form of special cases of the general gas law and can be derived from the kinetic theory of gases assuming an ideal gas.
According to Charles' law, if a gas is contained in a closed chamber with constant mass and constant pressure, then its volume is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. So when the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the constant temperature, when the temperature of the gas increases, the volume will also increase.
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this nucleophilic substitution occurs with rearrangement. draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in the following step of the reaction mechanism____.
In chemistry, a nucleophilic substitution is a class of chemical reactions in which an electron-rich chemical species (known as a nucleophile) .
show the movement of electrons in the following step of the reaction mechanism?
Electron transfer (ET) occurs when an electron relocates from an atom or molecule to another such chemical entity. ET is a mechanistic description of certain kinds of redox reactions involving transfer of electrons.Curved arrows show how electrons move. Naturally, if electron movement occurs during a chemical reaction, atoms must move too. For example, atoms move closer when they form a new bond, and they move apart when a bond breaks, but curved arrows do not show these movements. Arrows are only used to show electron movements.Each step in a reaction mechanism is called an elementary reaction. Elementary reactions are a single step. They have no intermediates.To learn more about mechanism refers to:
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true/false. chemists knew that something other than mass influences the properties of elements if you were a chemist what questions wouild you ask about elements and their atoms that could help you discover more aobut their properties
True: Chemists knew that something other than mass influences the properties of elements.
The periodic table organizes elements according to periodic properties, which are recurring trends in physical and chemical properties. First, electrons are added one at a time across a period, from left to right. As this occurs, the electrons in the outermost shell experience increasing nuclear attraction, bringing them closer to the nucleus and more tightly bound to it. Second, moving down a column in the periodic table loosens the outermost electrons' bond to the nucleus. Thus, number of valence electrons, or valency, other than mass influences the properties of elements.
This occurs because the number of filled principal energy levels (which protect the outermost electrons from nucleus attraction) decreases within each group. The periodicity observed in the elemental properties of atomic radius, ionization energy, electron affinity, and electronegativity are explained by these trends.
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Can a 1.5 M solution be made from a 0.98 M solution? Explain your answer.
No, a 1.5 M solution cannot be made from a 0.98 M solution.
Explain molarity
Probably the most frequently used unit of measurement for solution concentration is molarity, abbreviated as (M). The ratio of the number of liters of solution to the number of moles of solvent is known as molarity.
Knowing the molarity (M) of the solution of a specific volume will allow you to calculate the number of moles (n) of a chemical dissolved in a solution (V). The quantity of solvent moles per kilogram is known as molality, which is a property of solutions. Since molality solely depends on the masses of the solute and solvent, which are unaffected by changes in temperature and pressure, it is a particularly advantageous way to estimate concentration.
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Which of the following amino acids has a side chain that is capable of hydrogen bonding with other polar molecules?
a. Leu
b. Ser
c. Ala
d. Gly
Out of the given choices, the amino acids that has a side chain that is capable of hydrogen bonding with other polar molecules is Ser (Serine).
In the fields of organic and biochemistry, a side chain is a chemical group that is connected to the "main chain" or backbone of a molecule and serves as an attachment point for other parts of the molecule. A molecule's side chain is a hydrocarbon branching element that is coupled to a larger hydrocarbon backbone. This element is known as the side chain. There is only one amino acid on this list that possesses a R group that is able to form a hydrogen bond, and that is serine. Both serine and threonine have hydroxyl groups located on the side chains of their amino acids. Because these polar groups are located so close to the main chain, they are able to make hydrogen bonds with the main chain.
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which of the following correctly describes secondary active transport of protons and sugar across a membrane into a cell
Secondary active transport of protons and sugar across a membrane into a cell is correctly described as protons moving down their concentration gradient while sugar moves against its concentration gradient.
Secondary active transport is defined as solute transport in the direction of increasing electrochemical potential coupled with facilitated diffusion of a second solute (usually an ion) in the opposite direction. The coupling agents are membrane proteins (carriers) that catalyze the facilitated diffusion of the driving ion as well as the active transport of a given solute. The review begins with some energetic considerations, followed by a presentation of the kinetics of secondary active transport.
The energy stored in the electrochemical gradients created by primary active transport can be released as the ions move back down their gradients. Secondary active transport moves other substances against their own gradients by utilizing the energy stored in these gradients.
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How many electronically non-equivalent kinds of protons, and how many kinds of carbons are present in the following compound? Dont forget that cyclohexane rings can undergo ring flips. a) Kinds of protons: ____
b) Kinds of carbons: ____
The next chemical has 8 carbons and 16 different types of protons that are not electrically equivalent. Chemical compounds are materials made up of several related molecules.
Collection of atoms connected by Chemical compounds that come from various different elements. Because of this, a molecule composed of atoms from a single element is not a compound. Catenation refers to carbon's capacity to form extraordinarily lengthy chains of interconnected carbon-carbon bonds. There are enduring and powerful carbon-carbon connections. Through catenation, carbon may combine to form a wide variety of compounds. Atomic nuclei can be formed by the nuclear force joining protons and neutrons, both types of nucleons. The most common isotope of the hydrogen atom, represented by the chemical symbol "H," has a single proton as its nucleus.
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How does the availability of a substitute change people's decision to buy the "lesser" product?
The availability of a substitute changes people's decision to buy the "lesser" product through the fact that determines the significant function and attributes of the substituted facts and figures.
What is the substitution effect?The substitution effect may be defined as a product or service's decrease in demand or sales when consumers switch to alternative but comparable products that are cheaper.
This significant effect takes place when the product's price increases or a closely related product's price decreases. Close substitutes for a product affect the elasticity of demand.
If another product can easily be substituted for your product, consumers will quickly switch to the other product if the price of your product rises or the price of the other product declines.
Therefore, the availability of a substitute changes people's decision to buy the "lesser" product through the fact that determines the significant function and attributes of the substituted facts and figures.
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In the synthesis reaction, how many grams of magnesium were there in the crucible before heating? Select one:
a. 8.3 g b. 6.2 g c. 4.1 g d. 5.0 g
Magnesium was 5.0g before heating.
Synthesis reaction: It is the type of reaction in which two different atom reacts to form different molecule or compound.When exposed to oxygen, magnesium turns into magnesium oxide. Burning of a piece of magnesium(Mg) wire in the air(oxygen) results in the production of Magnesium oxide(MgO).Go through the given link below to know more about magnesium:-
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Imagine a cell with a semi-permeable membrane that is selective to Na+ ions only. The equilibrium potential for sodium (ENa) = +58 mV if the concentration of Na" ions on the outside of the cell is 10 times the concentration of Nat ions on the inside of the cell:a. What happens to ENa if the extracellular concentration of sodium ([Na]o) is increased by a factor of 10? factor of 100? decreased by a factor of 10? b. Explain why ENa changes in the above examples in terms of the balance between chemical and electrical forces across the cell's plasma membrane_
This equilibrium potential (ENa) of the sodium concentration extracellularly is 116.
What exactly is concentrate?The amount of solute contained in a specific amount of solution is the substance's concentration. The molecular weight of solution in 1 L aqueous solution, or molarity, is used to express concentrations. Molar concentration, molality, mass percentage, components per thousand, milligrams, and parts per billion are examples of quantitative measurements of concentration.
What is the concentration principle?The responsibility of the parties to take specific procedural steps during particular stages of antagonistic hearings in order to expedite the proceedings and the court's decision constitutes the principle of concentrating as one of the main server principles of civil procedures.
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10. corn can be grown at a rate of 1,000 kcal per hectare, and it takes 20 times more land to produce beef than it does to produce corn. which of the following equations would correctly calculate the amount of land needed to produce 10,000 kcal of beef?
1 ha/1000kcal corn X 20kcal corn/1kcal beef X 10000kcal, This equation could be used to calculate the amount of land needed to produce 10,000 k calories of beef.
Calorie counting is one technique for monitoring weight loss. A calorie is an energy unit. In the past, scientists have referred to a "calorie" as a measure of heat or energy that can be obtained from a variety of sources, such as coal or gas. Chemical compounds are composed of a large number of comparable molecules (or molecular entities), which are composed of atoms from various elements bonded together by chemical bonds. Because of this, a molecule composed of atoms from a single element is not a compound.
1 ha/1000kcal corn X 20kcal corn/1kcal beef X 10000kcal
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how many moles are in 500 grams of BeCr2O7
1.81 moles are in 500 grams of BeCr2O7.
Molar mass of BeCr2O7 = 276.095 g/mol
500 g / 276.095 g/mol = 1.81 moles
What is moles?
Moles is a unit used to measure the amount of a substance. It is defined as the amount of a substance that contains the same number of atoms, molecules, ions, or electrons as the number of atoms in 12 grams of carbon-12 (C-12). This means that one mole of any substance will contain the same number of atoms, molecules, ions, or electrons as one mole of C-12. Moles are used in chemistry to measure the quantity of a substance. For example, when a chemist mixes two solutions together, they can use moles to calculate the amount of each substance that was mixed.
Therefore, 1.81 moles are in 500 grams of BeCr2O7.
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which of the following is best described by the equation H2o (I) to H2O (s) + heat
Exothermic means that the temperature rises. The following equation represents the freezing of water to make ice. H2O(l) → H2O (s) Exothermic; energy is generated as water molecules form bonds during the phase transition.
Which phase transition is an exothermic formula?An exothermic phase transition occurs when the sample loses energy (heat) to the environment. Condensation is the right answer since it is the phase transition from gas to liquid.
Condensation is the phase shift that occurs when a material transitions from a gas or vapour to a liquid. The process of condensation is exothermic.
When the energy created in an exothermic reaction is released as heat, the temperature rises.
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If you were John Dalton and had never heard of a mole, which of the following would you think were possible sets of formulas for the compounds A, B, and C, respectively
Check all that apply.
-NO2, NO8, NO10
-NO, NO2, NO4
-NO4, NO10, NO5
-N2O, N2O4, N2O5
The possible sets of the formulas are NO2,NO8,NO10 and NO,NO2, NO4.
What is compound?A compound is a material that is created chemically when two or more distinct components are mixed in a specific ratio. Chemical formulas, which display the symbols of the constituent elements and the ratios in which they are combined, can be used to depict compounds.
Strong acid nitric acid (HNO3) is frequently used in laboratories. It is a white liquid that is extremely corrosive and has a strong, choke-inducing odour. Different types of nitrogen oxide, a class of extremely reactive gases that include nitrogen and oxygen, including NO2, NO4, and NO10.
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I want to convert the concentration of a 5.67 % (m/v) solution to its equivalent concentration as %(m/m). The density of the solution has been measured to be 1.2 g/mL. My solution is (5.67 % m/v) x 1.2 g/mL = 6.80 % (m/m).
The percent mass per mass concentration of the solution is 6.80 % (m/m).
What is the percent concentration?We have to note that there are several units of concentration that we are going to have in the chemistry. One of the most common of the units of concentration is the percent concentration. We could look at the percent concentration in three ways;
Percent mass per mass(%m/m)
Percent volume per volume (%v/v)
Percent mass per volume (%m/v)
To convert from percent mass per volume to percent mass per mass, we convert by the density of the solution. In this case, the density of the solution is 1.2 g/mL
We then have;
% m/m = 5.67 % (m/v) * 1.2 g/mL = 6.80 % (m/m)
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The product of beta decay of the Manganese isotope 57Mn is...
A. 57^Cr
B. 55^V
C. 57^Fe
D. 61^Co
Answer: The product of beta decay of the Manganese isotope 57Mn is 57^Fe.
Explanation:
The outcome of the beta decay of 57Mn isotope is 57Fe. This happens because during beta decay, a neutron in the nucleus turns into a proton and emits an electron, which increases the atomic number of the nucleus by one, but keeps the atomic mass the same.
how old is Billie Eilish
Answer:
21
Explanation:
........................
Answer: 21
Explanation:
surviving salt fluctuations: stress and recovery in halobacterium salinarum, an extreme halophilic archaeon
It can withstand high salt concentrations by using suitable solutes including potassium chloride for minimizing osmotic stress. It has many active transporters to keep potassium levels balanced and extremely acidic proteins to keep protein precipitation at bay.
Halobacterium salinarum also called as Halobacterium cutirubrum and Halobacterium halobium is a marine obligate aerobic archaeon that is exceptionally halophilic. Despite its common name, this was not a bacterium, but rather a component of the Archaea domain. Salted fish, skins, hypersaline lakes, and even salterns contain it.
sanitarium to pump large amounts of salt into its cell, but at the same time it can be a potentially lethal threat; if they are exposed to low molarity water, osmosis causes water to flood the cell causing the membrane to lyse or burst.
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50 grams of ice at -20°C is placed into a glass of water with 500 g of water at
20° C and sealed in styrofoam such that no energy gets in or out. After 10
hours what is the temperature of the liquid in the glass? Round to nearest
degree.
Specific heat of water is 4.18 J/(g°C)
Based on the specific heat of water, the final temperature of the liquid that is formed when 50 grams of ice and 500 g of water are mixed together is 23.3 °C.
What is the final temperature of the liquid that is formed when 50 grams of ice and 500 g of water are mixed together?The final temperature of the liquid that is formed when 50 grams of ice and 500 g of water are mixed together is determined as follows:
Heat gained = Heat lostHeat change = mc(T_f - Ti)
The heat of fusion = mL
where;
m is the massc is the specific heatT_f is the final temperatureTi is the initial temperatureL is the latent heat of fusion of ice = 0.334 J/gHeat lost water = mc(T_f - Ti)
c for water = 4.19 J/J/(g°C)
Heat lost water = 500 * 4.18 * (T_f - 20)
Heat lost water = 2090T_f - 41800
Heat gained by ice = mc(T_f - Ti) + mL + mc(T_f - Ti)
c for ice = 2.03 J/J/(g°C)
Heat gained by ice = 50 * 2.03 * {0 - (-20)} + 50 * 0.334 + 50 * 4.18 * (T_f - 0)
Heat gained by ice = 2046.7 + 209T_f
From heat gained = heat lost;
2046.7 + 209T_f = 2090T_f - 41800
2090T_f - 209T_f = 2046.7 + 41800
1881T_f = 43846.7
T_f = 23.3 °C
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How many orbitals have l = 2 and n = 3?
There are five orbitals with l = 2 and n = 3. This is because when l = 2, the subshell is known as the d-subshell, which can hold up to five orbitals.
What is orbitals?Orbitals are regions of space where electrons of an atom are most likely to be found. They are three-dimensional regions around an atom's nucleus that are described by quantum numbers. Orbitals are organized into shells, or energy levels, which are determined by the principal quantum number. Electrons occupy orbitals according to the Pauli exclusion principle and the Hund's rule. Each orbital can hold up to two electrons, and the number of orbitals in a shell is equal to the number of electrons in that shell.
The orbitals are designated as 3d, 3dxy, 3dyz, 3dxz and 3dz2.
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now build a model of liquid water. place your materials on a sheet of paper. the regular-size marshmallows can represent the larger oxygen atoms, and the mini marshmallows can represent the smaller hydrogen atoms. connect the marshmallows with toothpicks using the picture as a guide. create a total of four molecules. what was difficult about building the model?
To build a model of liquid water. place your materials on the sheet of the paper. The difficult about building the model is Connecting the marshmallows with toothpicks.
To build the model of the liquid water. place the materials on the sheet of paper. The regular size of marshmallows can be represent as the larger oxygen atoms, and the other mini marshmallows can be represent as the smaller hydrogen atoms. Then connect the marshmallows with the help of the toothpicks . Then create the total of four molecules.
Thus, the connecting the marshmallow with the help of the tooth picks was difficult about the building the model.
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