Calculate gibbs free energy at 298 K for the reaction CaCO3(s) yields CaO(s) + CO2(g) when H equals 178.8 kJ and S=161 J/K
The Gibbs free energy at 298 K for the given reaction is 130.822 KJ
How do i determine the Gibbs free energy for the reaction?The Gibbs free energy for a given reaction is given by the following formula:
ΔG = ΔH – TΔS
Where
ΔG is the Gibbs free energy ΔH is the enthalpy changeT is the temperature ΔS is the change in entropyWith the above formula, we can determine the Gibbs free energy for the reaction in the above question as follow:
Temperature (T) = 298 KEnthalpy change (ΔH) = 178.8 KJChange of entropy (ΔS) = 161 J/K = 161 / 1000 = 0.161 KJ/KGibbs free energy =?ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
ΔG = 178.8 - (298 × 0.161)
ΔG = 178.8 - 47.978
ΔG = 130.822 KJ
Thus, the Gibbs free energy is 130.822 KJ
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If you have a tank that contains 3.5 x 10^24 molecules of propane (C,H₂), how many moles of propane do you
have?
Answer: Avogadro's number is 6.022 x 10^23, which represents the number of particles (atoms or molecules) in one mole of a substance. Therefore, to calculate the number of moles of propane from the given number of molecules, we need to divide the number of molecules by Avogadro's number:
Explanation: number of moles = number of molecules / Avogadro's number
number of moles = 3.5 x 10^24 / 6.022 x 10^23
number of moles = 5.81
Therefore, the tank contains 5.81 moles of propane.
2CuCl + H2S → Cu2S + 2HCl
How many moles of copper I chloride, CuCl, are necessary to react completely with 4.4 moles of hydrogen sulfide, H2S?
8.8 moles of CuCl are required for 4.4 moles of H2S to totally react.
What is mole?The unit of measurement known as a mole (mol) is used to represent the quantity of a substance. The amount of a substance that has the same number of particles (atoms, molecules, or ions) as there are in 12 grams of carbon-12 is referred to as a mole. This number, which is roughly 6.022 x 1023, is referred to as Avogadro's number.
How do you determine it?The reaction between copper I chloride and hydrogen sulfide has the following balanced chemical equation:
2CuCl + H2S → Cu2S + 2HCl
The balanced equation shows that the reaction between 2 moles of CuCl and 1 mole of H2S results in 2 moles of HCl and 1 mole of Cu2S.
So, we must use stoichiometry to calculate the amount of CuCl needed to thoroughly react with 4.4 moles of H2S:
4.4 moles of H2S × (2 moles of CuCl / 1 mole of H2S) = 8.8 moles of CuCl
As a result, 8.8 moles of CuCl are required for 4.4 moles of H2S to totally react.
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Which of the following electron models is the one currently accepted by modern science?
A.) Dalton's Billiard Ball.
B.) Thomson's Plum Pudding Model.
C.) Schrodinger's Quantum Mechanical Model.
D.) Rutherford-Bohr Planetary Model.
C.) Schrodinger's Quantum Mechanical Model is the electron model currently accepted by modern science. This model is based on the principles of quantum mechanics, which describe the behavior of particles at the atomic and subatomic level.
What is Electron?
An electron is a subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. It is one of the three fundamental particles that make up atoms, along with protons and neutrons. Electrons are much smaller than protons and neutrons, and they orbit around the nucleus of an atom. Electrons play a crucial role in chemical reactions, since they determine the chemical properties of atoms and molecules.
It represents electrons as probability clouds or orbitals, rather than as discrete particles following classical trajectories. This model has been successful in explaining the behavior of electrons in atoms and molecules, and has led to many important discoveries in modern physics and chemistry.
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Hi, I need help with this please.
The final temperature of the water when thermal equilibrium is reached is approximately 24.36°C.
What is the final temperature of the water?The principle of conservation of energy which states that the heat lost by the metal cubes must be equal to the heat gained by the water is used to determine the final temperature of the water.
The formula to calculate the heat lost by a metal cube is:
Q = m × c × ΔT
where;
Q is the heat lost,m is the mass of the cube,c is the specific heat capacity of the metal, and ΔT is the change in temperature of the metal.For the silver cube:
m = density × volume
m = 10.49 g/cm³ × (2.31 cm)³
m = 58.48 g
c = 0.235 J/g°C (specific heat capacity of silver)
ΔT = (82.2°C - 19.6°C)
ΔT = 62.6°C
Q = 58.48 g × 0.235 J/g°C × 62.6°C
Q = 877.4 J
For the gold cube:
m = density × volume
m = 19.32 g/cm³ × (2.78 cm)³
m = 170.5 g
c = 0.129 J/g°C (specific heat capacity of gold)
ΔT = (82.2°C - 19.6°C)
ΔT = 62.6°C
Q = 170.5 g × 0.129 J/g°C × 62.6°C = 1354.4 J
The total heat lost by both cubes is:
Qtotal = 877.4 J + 1354.4 J
Qtotal= 2231.8 J
To calculate the final temperature of the water, we can use the formula:
Q = mwater × cwater × ΔT
where;
mwater is the mass of water,cwater is the specific heat capacity of water, and ΔT is the change in temperature of the water.Solving for ΔT:
ΔT = Qtotal / (mwater × cwater)
ΔT = 2231.8 J / (113.0 g × 4.184 J/g°C)
ΔT = 4.76°C
Final temperature = 19.6°C + 4.76°C
Final temperature= 24.36°C
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Endothermic and Exothermic Activity!! please help!!!
Chemical processes referred to as endothermic reactions occur when the reactants take in heat energy from their environment to create products.
What three things separate endothermic and exothermic states?Endothermic reactions quickly and efficiently take up heat-based energy from their surroundings. In contrast, an exothermic process transfers energy into the system's surroundings. A common illustration of an endothermic chemical reaction is photosynthesis.
Is water on the stove exothermic?Chemists refer to the process of boiling water as being endothermic since heat must be added. It follows that since certain processes need heat, others must also produce heat as they operate. They are referred to as exothermic.
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how many many grams of o2 would be contained in 14.0l balloon at 0.25atm and 73⁰c
There are approximately 6.13 grams of O2 in the 14.0 L balloon at 0.25 atm and 73⁰C.
How to calculate the number of grams of O2 in a 14.0 L balloon at 0.25 atm and 73⁰CFirst we can use the Ideal Gas Law equation:
PV = nRT
Where
P is the pressureV is the volume n is the number of molesR is the gas constantT is the temperature in KelvinFirst, we need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin:
T = 73⁰C + 273.15 = 346.15 K
Next, we can solve for the number of moles:
n = (PV) / (RT)
n = (0.25 atm × 14.0 L) / (0.0821 L·atm/mol·K × 346.15 K)
n = 0.1915 mol
Finally, we can calculate the mass of O2 using the molar mass of O2, which is 32.00 g/mol:
mass = n × molar mass
mass = 0.1915 mol × 32.00 g/mol
mass = 6.13 g
Therefore, there are approximately 6.13 grams of O2 in the 14.0 L balloon at 0.25 atm and 73⁰C.
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the pH for a 0.185 M solution of an unknown weak base, B, is 12.95. Fill in the ICE table with the appropriate value for each involved species to determine the unknown concentrations of all reactants and products
Answer:
The balanced chemical equation for the dissociation of the weak base, B, in water is:
B + H2O ⇌ BH+ + OH-
The ICE table for the reaction can be set up as follows:
B + H2O ⇌ BH+ + OH-
I 0.185 M 0 M 0 M
C -x +x +x
E 0.185 - x x x
At equilibrium, the concentration of [BH+] and [OH-] is equal since the acid-base reaction involves the transfer of a proton from the weak base, B, to a water molecule. The [H+] ion concentration can be found by applying the equation:
Kw = [H+][OH-]
where Kw is the ion product constant of water (1.0 × 10^-14 at 25°C).
pH = -log[H+]
pOH = -log[OH-]
pKw = pH + pOH = 14.00
Using the given pH, we can find the [H+] concentration:
pH = 12.95
[H+] = 10^-pH = 7.07 × 10^-13 M
Since Kw = [H+][OH-], we can solve for [OH-]:
Kw = 1.0 × 10^-14 = [H+][OH-]
[OH-] = Kw/[H+] = 1.41 × 10^-2 M
At equilibrium, the [BH+] concentration is equal to the [OH-] concentration. Therefore, we can substitute the [OH-] value we found into the equilibrium expression for Kb to solve for Kb:
Kb = [BH+][OH-]/[B]
Kb = (x)(1.41 × 10^-2)/(0.185 - x)
The value of Kb for the weak base, B, can be found using the pKb expression:
pKb = 14.00 - pKw - pH
pKb = 14.00 - 1.00 - 12.95
pKb = 0.05
Kb = 10^-pKb = 1.00 × 10^-0.05
Substituting this value into the Kb expression gives:
1.00 × 10^-0.05 = (x)(1.41 × 10^-2)/(0.185 - x)
Solving for x gives:
x = 4.70 × 10^-4 M
Therefore, the concentrations of the species at equilibrium are:
[B] = 0.185 M - x = 0.1845 M
[BH+] = x = 4.70 × 10^-4 M
[OH-] = x = 4.70 × 10^-4 M
PLEASE HELPPPPP I WILL GIVE A BRAINLIST PLEASE
Introduction (6 points)
1. What do you think will happen when the balloon is released? (2 points)
2. What caused the balloon to move? (2 points)
3. How do you think Newton's third law of motion applies to the motion of a rocket? Hint: Think about what happened to the balloon when it was released. (2 points)
Part 1: Rocket Cars (10 points)
4. Describe the action-reaction force pair that occurs when the air in the balloon is allowed to escape. (2 points)
5. Collect data during the experiment with the rocket car. In the data table below, record the amount of air in the balloon during each test run and the distance traveled by the car. (4 points)
Test run Amount of air Distance traveled (cm)
1 Small
2
3
4
6. What relationship do you observe between the amount of air in the balloon, the size of the action-reaction force pair, and the distance traveled? (4 points)
Part 2: Car Collisions (14 points)
7. In the data table below, record the force applied to car 1 during each test run and the distance traveled by car 2 after the collision. Hint: Distance traveled by car 2 = final position of car 2 – 20 cm. (4 points)
Test run Force applied to car 1 (N) Final position of car 2 (cm) Distance traveled by car 2 (cm) Description of change in motion of car 1
1
2
3
8. How did the action and reaction forces affect the motion of each car? (4 points)
9. What is the relationship between the force of the collision and the distance traveled by car 2? Which of Newton's laws of motion explains this? (2 points)
10. The formula F = ma describes how force, mass, and acceleration are related. Explain what the formula means. How could you increase the size of the action force an object exerts and the size of the reaction force it experiences during a collision? (4 points)
Part 3: Car and Brick Collisions (10 points)
11. Describe the strengths and directions of the action and reaction forces that occur when a moving car collides with a stationary brick. How do these forces explain the changes in motion of the car and brick? (2 points)
12. What happened when the car collided with the brick with twice as much force? How does Newton's third law of motion explain this? (2 points)
13. How could you change the test to make the brick move even more? (2 point)
14. What happened when the car with the sponge bumper hit the brick with the same amount of force as the car without the bumper? (1 point)
15. Why did the car with the sponge bumper rebound farther after its collision with the brick? (1 point)
16. A rocket moving through space at a high velocity can collide with small objects, such as meteors or space junk. If that happens, the rocket may be damaged, destroyed, or pushed off course. Based on what you just observed, what do you think could be done to help reduce the effect of a collision between a rocket and space junk? (2 points)
1) Gas escapes to equalize pressure inside and outside of balloon.
2) Pressure pushes gases out of the balloon when released.
3) The gas pushes against the outside air, pushing it back.
What are gas balloons called?For its creator, Frenchman Jacques Charles, a gas balloon may also be referred to as a Charlière. Large blimps and tiny latex celebration balloons are two common types of gas balloons today. Before hot-air balloons took over, human balloon flying used gas balloons for almost 200 years, well into the 20th century.
Fill your balloon with two teaspoons of baking soda, and fill the container with half a cup of acetic vinegar. Avoid using too much cola! The baking soda in the balloon will descend into the container and mix with the vinegar when the bottleneck is inserted into the balloon's neck and the balloon is straightened.
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a physician prescribes an ophthalmic suspension to contain 100mg of cortisone acetate in 8 ml of normal saline solution. the pharmacist has on hand a 2.5% suspension of cortisone acetate in normal saline solution. how many milliliters of this and how many milliliters of normal saline solution should be used in preparing the prescribed suspension?
the answer is 4ml and 4ml but i don't know how you get that?
2 mL οf 2.5% cοrtisοne acetate suspensiοn and 6 mL οf nοrmal saline sοlutiοn shοuld be used tο prepare the prescribed suspensiοn.
Hοw much οf 2.5% suspensiοn and nοrmal saline sοlutiοn shοuld be used?- Cοrtisοne acetate is required in 100mg
- 2.5% suspensiοn οf cοrtisοne acetate in nοrmal saline sοlutiοn is available
- Cοncentratiοn οf cοrtisοne acetate in 2.5% suspensiοn is 25mg/mL
- Thus, 4mL οf 2.5% suspensiοn is required tο get 100mg οf cοrtisοne acetate
- Thus, 4mL οf 2.5% suspensiοn and 4mL οf nοrmal saline sοlutiοn tοtal 8mL is required tο make the prescribed suspensiοn
- But, 2.5% suspensiοn already cοntains nοrmal saline sοlutiοn
- Sο, final requirement οf 2.5% suspensiοn and nοrmal saline sοlutiοn is 2mL and 6mL respectively
2 mL οf 2.5% cοrtisοne acetate suspensiοn and 6 mL οf nοrmal saline sοlutiοn shοuld be used tο prepare the prescribed suspensiοn.
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Which of the following elements is NOT involved in the cycling of energy and matter on Earth? O Phosphorus O Gold O Nitrogen O Carbon
Gold is not involved in the cycling of energy and matter on Earth.
option B.
What is Biogeochemical cycles?Biogeochemical cycles refer to the pathways by which essential elements such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus move through the Earth's biosphere, atmosphere, geosphere, and hydrosphere. These cycles are crucial for maintaining the balance of elements required for life on Earth, and they involve both biotic and abiotic processes.
The carbon cycle involves the movement of carbon through the atmosphere, the biosphere, and the oceans, with processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition contributing to carbon uptake and release. Carbon is also stored in rocks and sediments as fossil fuels.
The other three elements listed - phosphorus, nitrogen, and carbon - are all essential elements involved in biogeochemical cycles on Earth, including the phosphorus cycle, nitrogen cycle, and carbon cycle. Gold, on the other hand, is a relatively inert element and does not play a significant role in the cycling of energy and matter on Earth.
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The energy conversation in an electrolytic cell is
(a)electrical to chemical
(b)electrical to mechanical
(c)chemical to electrical
(d)chemical to mechanical
Answer:
Your answer is electrical to chemical.
The phase diagram of ammonia.
Explanation:
Ammonia is a gas,
however at low temperature or high pressure the gas become liquid and at extreme conditions,a solid
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Sodium and Lithium have similar chemical properties. What characteristic of these elements explains why they are chemically similar?
F. Their atoms both have 1 valence electron
G. Their atoms both have more neutrons than protons
H. Their atoms have the same number of energy levels
J. Their atoms contain equal numbers of protons and electrons
I am not in college...
These elements' shared possession of a single valence electron in their atoms explains why they are chemically related. As a result, F is the right response.
An atom's valence shell electrons control how it interacts with its neighbours and, consequently, its chemical characteristics. Lithium and sodium both contain one valence electron, hence they have comparable chemical characteristics. Elements from this family include lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and francium (Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, and Fr, respectively). The components of Group 1 have similar traits. Each of them is a delicate silver metal. These metals have low melting temperatures and are extremely reactive because of their low ionisation energy.
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5. A company uses a substance that is a solid under normal conditions. This substance will be used in extreme conditions, which could make the substance’s molecules move faster and cause a phase change. How would this phase change occur, and how would the molecules of the substance be affected under these extreme conditions?
Energy would be transferred . . .
Answer:
The shift often happens when heat is applied or removed at a specific temperature
Explanation:
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What is the density of a sample of argon gas at 69 ∘C
and 768 mmHg
?
The density of the sample of argon gas at 69 °C and 768 mmHg is 1.44 g/L (1st option)
How do i determine the density of the gas?From the question given above, the following data were obtained:
Temperature of gas (T) = 69 °C = 69 + 273 = 342KPressure of gas (P) = 768 mmHg = 768 / 760 = 1.01 atmGas constant (R) = 0.0821 atm.L/Kmol Molar mass of argon (M) = 40 g/molDensity of gas (D) = ?The density of the sample of argon gas can be obtained as illustrated below:
D = MP / RT
D = (40 × 1.01) / (0.0821 × 342)
D = 1.44 g/L
Thus, from the above calculation, we can conclude that the density of the gas is 1.44 g/L (1st option)
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H 2 When 68g of silver nitrate (AgNO) is heated it decomposes to form 43.2 g of silver (A H 18.4g of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and 6.4g of oxygen O₂. Use this data to write a balanced equation for the reaction. You must show all your working. [Relative formula masses: AgNO3 = 170; Ag =108; NO₂=46; O₂ = 32]
Answer:
2AgNO3 --> 2AgNO2 + O2
Explanation:
Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Balanced equations ensures that.
The beach in Antibes, France, is composed of small, smooth rocks that have been worn
down by being tumbled against each other by the energy of the sea water
Physical or Chemical?
Specific type of physical or chemical
The beach at Antibes, France, is made mostly of small, smooth rocks that have been worn down by being pushed against one another by the energy of the sea water.
What exactly is erosion?The geological process of erosion occurs when earthen materials are pushed and worn away by natural forces such as wind or water. Although it does not necessitate movement, a similar process known as weathering dissolves or disintegrates rock.
Weathering occurs when rocks and minerals on the Earth's surface disintegrate or dissolve. Weathering is caused by a variety of factors such as water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, and temperature swings. After a rock has been broken down, a process known as erosion transports the shards of rock and mineral away. The Earth's rocks are all too soft to endure weathering and erosion.
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What is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle?
A. We can know either the speed (momentum) or location, but not both at the same time.
B. We cannot ever know the speed (momentum) or location of the electron.
C. We can know only the speed (momentum) of the electron, but never the location.
D. We can know only the location of the electron, but never the speed (momentum).
Answer:
b option is correct
Explanation:
we cannot ever know the speed and location of the electron
Pls pls helppp pls help
Based on the given data, we can see that the concentrations of all three greenhouse gases (CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O) have increased over time.
What is the trend about?In the sample from the 500s, the concentrations were relatively low compared to the later samples, with CO₂ at 269 ppm, CH₄ at 271 ppm, and N₂O at 260 ppm. However, in the sample from the 1700s, the concentrations had already started to increase, with CO₂ at 284 ppm, CH₄ at 736 ppm, and N₂O at 657 ppm. By the sample from the 1800s, the concentrations had increased further, with CO₂ at 276 ppm, CH₄ at 680 ppm, and N₂O at 276 ppm.
Therefore, This trend of increasing greenhouse gas concentrations is significant because these gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to a warming effect known as the greenhouse effect. As the concentrations continue to increase, it can lead to more severe and frequent weather events, rising sea levels, and other negative impacts on the environment and human societies.
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