A Biologist Wants To Flash Freeze Several Samples That She Has Collected From Her ..

The Gibbs free energy ΔG for the following chemical reaction:

6Cl2 + P4 -> 4PCl3 is 82.764kJ

Given the pressure of chlorine gas (P1) = 1.32atm = 1.32 x 10^5Pa

The pressure of phosphorous gas (P2) = 7.56atm = 7.56 x 10^5Pa

The pressure of phosphorous trichloride (P3) = 3.30atm = 3.30x10^5Pa

The temperature of vessel containing these gases (T) = 25°C = 298K

We know that from Gibbs equation ∆ = ∆° + () here R is the universal gas constant = 8.314

∆ = ∆° + (P3^4/P1^6 x P2)

For equilibrium condition ∆ = 0

So,  ∆° = (P3^4/P1^6 x P2)

∆°  = -8.314x298 x 2.303 x log[(3.30x10^5)^4/(1.32 x 10^5)^6(7.56 x 10^5)]

∆° = -5.7 x 10^3log[118.5/39.91x10^15]

∆° = -5.7 x 10^3 x log[2.96/10^15]

∆° = -5.7 x 10^3 x (-14.52)

∆° = 82.764 x 10^3 = 82.764kJ

Hence the required Gibbs free energy is 82.764kJ

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The most likely result of millions of metal atoms crowding together so that molecular orbitals become combined is the  formation of bands in a crystal and is therefore denoted as option B.

This is referred to as a three dimensional description of the most likely location of an electron around an atom.

In a scenario where millions of metal atoms crowding together so that molecular orbitals become combined the energy levels of their valence electrons are modified and a collection of large number of closely spaced energy levels are formed thereby resulting in the  formation of bands in a crystal.

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Answer:

B: the formation of bands in a crystaL

Explanation:

Moles are contained in 8.6 x 1015 molecules of Benzene moles  7830 is  0. 385,

The symbol for this unit is mol.

The number of moles formula is written as follows.

Given.

The formula for moles is.

Mass of material / Mass of one mole equals the number of moles.

95 / 86.94 equals the number of moles.

Benzene has a mass of 30 grammes.

CCl4 weighs 70 g.

Benzene moles = 7830 = 0. 385

CCl4 moles are 15470/0, or 45 moles.

Mole fraction (Benzene) = 0 385 + 0 450 = 0 461

x = (6.5x1)/18 = 0.361 moles as a result. There are 6.022141 x 10 particles in 1 mole. There are 0.361 moles total, so: 0.361.

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Answer:

The average atomic mass of element X is 68.719 amu

Step-by-step explanation:

1. To determine the average atomic mass of element X, the atomic masses and abundances of its isotopes must be used.

2. The atomic mass of the first isotope is 68 amu, the second isotope is 69 amu, and the third isotope is 70 amu.

3. To calculate the average atomic mass, the formula is used: Average Atomic Mass = (68amu x 0.565) + (69amu x 0.234) + (70amu x 0.201)

4. Applying the formula, the average atomic mass of element X is 68.719 amu.

The solvents used to generate this and only this product are DMF, DMSO, i-PrOH.

1-bromopropane reacts with sodium propan-2-olate to form 1-isopropoxypropane. The mechanism of this reaction follows SN2 pathway.

Polar aprotic solvents like DMF, DMSO favors SN2 reaction and provides an ease to carry the reaction.

If the nucleophile is dissolve in less polar solvent, then SN2 reaction goes faster to form required product.

The nucleophile sodium propan-2-olate is dissolve in less polar solvent i-propanol (i-PrOH).

Thus, the solvents used to generate the only product are shown below:

DMF (dimethyl formamide)

i-PrOH (iso-propanol)

DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide)

The synthesis reaction is given in the image.

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The atmospheric pressure on the surface of Venus is 6.84 × 10⁴ mmHg in atm and torr is :

The atmospheric pressure is given as:

Atmospheric pressure = 6.84 × 10⁴ mmHg

1 atm (atmospheric pressure) =  101325 pascal (Pa).

To convert the mmHg to atm , divide the pressure value by 101325.

Pressure in atm  = 0.67 atm

1 Torr is equals to 133.322 Pa. divide the pressure value by 133.322 to convert it in torr.

Pressure in Torr =513.0 Torr

Thus, pressure in atm is 0.67 atm and the pressure in torr is 513 torr.

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Answer: It is described as a solvent

Explanation: I hope this helps!

We can find the concentration of the final solution by:

C1V1 = C2V2

C2 = (C1 * V1) / V2

C2 = (0.659 M * 20.1 ml) / 71.2 ml

C2 = 0.0922 M

Therefore, the concentration of the diluted solution is 0.0922 M.

C1V1=C2V2 is used to calculate an unknown quantity where two solutions are proportional. It is used to calculate how much ingredient is contained in a different volume of the same concentration.

Dilution is the process of lowering the concentration of a solute in a solution by simply adding more solvent to the solution, such as water. Diluting a solution happen by adding more solvent without adding more solute.

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For a first order reaction, the time taken to reduce the initial concentration by a factor of 1/4 is 10 min.

calculate the time it takes for the concentration of ab to reduce to 1/4 of its original concentration?

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The bottom of the arrow points to the location where the electron or electron pair was created, and the top of the arrow indicates where the electron or electron pair will ultimately be located therefore, the given statement is true.

Throughout the processes of bond breaking and/or bond formation, the movement (flow) of electrons is represented by curved arrows.

A. The motion of a single electron is represented by an arrow that is curved and has a single head.

B. The motion of an electron pair is represented by an arrow with two heads that is curved and curved in the middle.

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Here is a logical explanation to help you with this question (read all that apply)

Explanation:

sometimes atoms gain or lose electrons. the loss of which particles would result in a change of overall electrical charge? select all that apply.

"Atoms can gain or lose electrons and become ions, which are atoms that have a positive or negative charge because they have unequal numbers of protons and electrons. The process in which an atom becomes an ion is called ionization"

From flexbooks.com

What are atoms?

Atoms are the smallest things on earth that make up matter.

Yes, atoms (and molecules) can gain or lose protons. It is called "Chemistry of acids". You mix an acid and water. A proton is exchanged and you now have a negative ion (the acid minus one proton) and a positive ion (a water molecule with one extra proton).

Answer:

Hummingbird

Explanation:

A hummingbird’s long, curved bill (or beak) is perfectly designed to sip the nectar deep inside trumpet-shaped flowers. In fact, the types of flowers a species will visit are closely tied to the shape of the birds’ beaks. Long, narrow flowers, for instance, are visited by hummers with equally long bills.

Natural fission can take place and generate more stable nuclei than the original nucleus.

When a neutron collides with a bigger atom, it causes it to excite and fragment into two smaller atoms, which are known as fission products. Additionally, additional neutrons are emitted, and these can start a chain reaction.

There is a great amount of energy produced when each atom divides.

Uranium and plutonium are most frequently employed in nuclear power reactors.

Fission is a nuclear reaction in which splitting of a nucleus into two daughter nuclei takes place.

Nucleus is the central positive body of the atom that consists of neutrons and protons.

Neutron is a subatomic particle with zero charge which is present in the nucleus of the atom.

A nuclear power reactor is a device that is used to initiate and control a nuclear fusion reaction chain.

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The mass of the water that was cooled is 8.39 g.

We know that from the first law of thermodynamics, energy can neither be created nor destroyed but have to be transformed from one form to the other.

In this case, we can see that A nickel sample absorbs 74 J of energy from warm water. The water cooled from 65.5 °C to 63.4 °C. Since the water absorbed the heat, let the heat have a negative sign.

H = mcdT

m = mass of water

c = heat capacity

dT = temperature change

Thus;

-74 = m * 4.2 * (63.4 - 65.5)

m = -74 /4.2 * (63.4 - 65.5)

m = 8.39 g

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The amount of oxygen molecules per 6.021024 CO molecules, in grams, is: 10. gram molecules B... 6.023 x 1023 atoms of O are contained in 6.023 x 1023 molecules of CO.

"A gram molecule could be defined as the quantity of a substance equal to its relative molecular mass in grams," according to Wikipedia. For instance, a water molecule weighs 18 grams per gram.

The gram serves as the fundamental unit of mass inside the metric system. Water has a mass of 1 gram if a box with a length of 1 cm on all sides was filled with it. The water mass in the box is one gram. The metric system's units of mass.

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Strategy:

Use the mole ratio and find the number of moles of oxygen formed by 6 moles of potassium chlorate. 6 moles of KClO3 (735.3 grams of KClO3) produce 9 moles of O2 gas. Technically, this is the theoretical yield, but the answer becomes more useful when you convert moles to grams.

The helium is collected  at 25 °C and 1.00 atm total pressure. The total volume of gas  to obtain 0.586 g of the helium is 3.7 L.

The temperature =  25 °C = 25 + 273 = 298 K

The pressure = 1 atm

The vapor pressure of water = 23.8 torr = 23.8 / 760 = 0.0313 atm

The mass of helium = 0.586 g

The moles of helium = 0.586 / 4 = 0.146 mol

The volume is given as :

V = n R T / P

V= ( 0.146 × 0.082 × 298 ) /( 1 - 0.0313)

V = 3.7 L

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Answer:

Air dissolved in the water escapes in the form of tiny bubbles because the sun was giving heat energy to the bottle.

Explanation:

When water is boiled, the heat energy is transferred to the molecules of water, which begin to move more quickly. Eventually, the molecules have too much energy to stay connected as a liquid. When this occurs, they form gaseous molecules of water vapor, which float to the surface as bubbles and travel into the air.

Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev wrote down the symbols for the chemical elements on February 17, 1869, arranged them in numerical order based on their atomic weights.

and created the modern periodic table. One of history's most illustrious scientists, the Russian chemist Dmitri  Mendeleev, passed away 100 years ago this year (1834–1907). His invention of the periodic table in 1869 was a major accomplishment that serves as both a helpful mnemonic and a tool for organizing all of chemistry. The elements were organized by Mendeleev in ascending order of relative atomic mass. He observed a periodic tendency in the chemical characteristics of the elements and their compounds as he performed this.There were no openings for newly found elements in his eight groupings of the elements. The structure for the contemporary periodic table was developed in 1869 by Russian scientist Dmitri Mendeleev, who left spaces for elements that had not yet been identified.

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Yes, an Olympic swimmer to need more food energy every day than we do.

Why do swimmers need energy?

Swimmers need energy to fuel their bodies for intense physical activity. Swimming is an anaerobic and aerobic exercise, both of which require energy to be used efficiently. Swimmers typically need to consume carbohydrates before and during their workouts for sustained energy, as well as protein to help their muscles repair and rebuild. Eating a balanced diet that is high in carbohydrates and proteins will help swimmers stay energized and perform their best.

An Olympic swimmer would need more food energy every day than the average person because they need more energy to train and compete. Swimming is an intense physical activity that requires a lot of energy and endurance. Olympic swimmers must swim for hours each day, working hard to reach their peak performance. As a result, they would need more food energy to fuel their bodies for the strenuous physical activity.

Therefore, an Olympic swimmer to need more food energy every day than we do.

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The value of rate constant is  3.33 x 10^-11 cm3/molecules-s. To determine the order of the reaction with respect to oxygen atoms, we can use the data collected in the first set of experiments.

Where NO2 was in large excess. We can use the method of initial rates, where we compare the rates of the reaction at different initial concentrations of O.  From the data, we can see that

at t = 1.0 x 10^-2 s, [O] = 1.9 x 10^9 atoms/cm3 and

the rate is k[O]^x[NO2]

, where x is the order of the reaction with respect to O.

At t = 2.0 x 10^-2 s,

[O] = 6.8 x 10^8 atoms/cm3 and

the rate is k[O]^x[NO2].

At t = 3.0 x 10^-2 s,

[O] = 2.5 x 10^8 atoms/cm3 and

the rate is k[O]^x[NO2].

Since the order of the reaction with respect to O is x. for

(b), the reaction is known to be first order with respect to NO2,

so the overall rate law is rate = k[NO2].

To determine the value of the rate constant, we can use the integrated rate law, which is -[O] = kt + [O]0,

Where [O] is the concentration of O at time t,

k is the rate constant and

[O]0 is the initial concentration of O.

Using the data from the first experiment

where t = 3.0 x 10^-2 s and

O] = 2.5 x 10^8 atoms/cm3,

the value of k. -2.5 x 10^8 = k * 3 x 10^-2 + 5 x 10^9.

Solving for k, we get k = 3.33 x 10^-11 cm3/molecules-s.

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Answer:

there are approximately 5.5 x 10^23 molecules in 16.5 grams of water

Explanation:

To calculate the number of molecules in a certain mass of a substance, you need to know the molar mass of the substance and convert the mass to moles.

The molar mass of water is 18.015 g/mol. To convert the mass of water to moles, we can use the equation:

moles = mass / molar mass

So, moles of water = 16.5 g / 18.015 g/mol = 0.916 mol

Avogadro's number is 6.022x10^23. To calculate the number of molecules, we can multiply Avogadro's number by the number of moles.

So the number of molecules = (6.022x10^23) * (0.916 mol) = 5.5x10^23 molecules

Therefore, there are approximately 5.5 x 10^23 molecules in 16.5 grams of water

The theoretical value for the temperature increase would be negligible, as the reaction between hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is exothermic but also dilute.

When HCl and NaOH are mixed together, they react to form water and salt (sodium chloride). This reaction is exothermic reaction, which means it releases heat. However, because the solutions are dilute (1.0 M), the amount of heat released will be small and may not be measurable. Additionally, the heat released during the reaction would be quickly dissipated due to the small volume of the solutions. Thus, the theoretical temperature increase would be negligible.

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Your question seems incomplete, but I suppose the question was:

"we mixed 30 ml of 1.0 m hcl with 70 ml of 1.0 m naoh. what is the theoretical value for the temperature increase?"

An elimination reaction having two possible reaction mechanisms i.e, E₁ and E₂ mechanisms.

It is a type of reaction which is mainly used to transform saturated compounds (organic compounds which contains only single C-C bonds) to unsaturated compounds (compounds which feature double or triple carbon-carbon bonds).

Mechanism of elimination reaction: 1) Removal of proton 2) Formation of C-C pi bond 3) Removal of leaving group.

E₁-Reaction: It s also known as unimolecular elimination, They are having two steps-ionization and deprotonation. During the ionization, there is a formation of carbocation as an intermediate. In deprotonation, a proton will be lost by the carbocation. This will happen in the presence of a base which further leads to the formation of a pi-bond in the molecule. It exhibits first-order kinetics.

E₂-Reaction:  E₂ mechanism refers to bimolecular elimination which is basically a one-step mechanism. Here, the C-H as well as carbon-halogen bonds mostly break off to form a new double bond. However, in E₂ mechanism, a base is the part of the rate-determining step. The reaction rate is mostly proportional to the concentrations of both the eliminating agent as well as the substrate. It exhibits second-order kinetics.

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2.5 moles pf pb3O4 are produced from 1.25 moles of oxygen

The reaction is shown below.

6PBo+ O2------> 2 PB3O4

here 1 mole of O2(oxygen) -----> 2 moles PB3O4

1 for 1.2 moles of O2------> ?(x)

x= 1.2* 2/ 1

x= 2.5 moles of PB3O4

As the amount of reactants increases, the molecular distance between the reacting particles decreases, increasing the likelihood of subsequent collisions. The four key variables that influence reaction rate are reactant concentration, the reactants' physical state, surface area, temperature, and the presence of a catalyst. The disproportionately significant increase in the frequency of high energy collisions causes an increase in reaction rates as temperature rises.

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The statements wrong about cathode rays is none of the given option. All the given option is true about the cathode rays.

The statements for the cathode rays is given as :

A. They travel in straight lines towards cathode. This statement is true about the cathode rays.

B. They produce heating effect. This statement is true about the cathode rays.

C. They carry negative charge. This statement is true about the cathode rays.

D. They produce X-rays when strike with material having high atomic masses. This statement is true about the cathode rays.

Thus, none of the option is incorrect about the cathode rays.

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Volume of the 0.45 m solution of HCl would just to neutralize 210 ml of a solution containing 4.7 g of the Ba(OH)₂ is 0.12 L.

The reaction is given as :

2HCl(aq)   + Ba(OH)₂(aq)   --->   BaCl₂(aq)   +   2H₂O

1 mole of Ba(OH)₂ react with the 2 mole HCl

Molarity of  HCl, C1 = 0.45 M

Volume of HCl, V1 =.?

The mass of  Ba(OH)₂ = 4.7 g

Moles = mass / molar mass

Moles = 4.7 / 171.34

Moles = 0.027 mol

The moles of HCl = 2 × 0.027

                             = 0.054 mol

Volume = moles / molarity

Volume = 0.054 / 0.45

Volume = 0.12 L

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In a reaction of an acid that has an equal amount of a base, the ph changes to a value that is closer to 7 or neutral .

Any solution is considered "neutral" and has a pH of 7 if there is an equal quantity of acid and base present. Because the pH of the neutralised substance is close to or equal to 7, when an acid combines with a base, acid and water are produced. The autoprotolysis reaction, the next equilibrium, serves as the foundation for acid-base behaviour in water.

Reactions to neutralisation, when a strong acid and a strong base are mixed together in the right amounts, [H+] equals [OH], creating a neutral solution with pH of 7, the outcome is. Acidic and basic qualities are no longer existent because the acid and base have neutralised one another. When acid and base are together, a neutralisation reaction occurs where salt and water are created.

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The  reactant is in excess 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO 4.8 g Mg ≡ 0.2 mole 3.2 g O2 ≡ 0.1 mole.

What is the limiting reactant?

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The reactants that are in excess 2Mg + O2 → 2MgO 4.8 g Mg ≡ 0.2 mol 3.2 g O2 ≡ 0.1 mol.

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The balanced equation for the reaction is: 2 NH3 + 3 CuO ---> 3 Cu + 3 H2O + N2, when 42 moles of CuO are consumed, 14 moles of N2 can be made.

From this equation, we can see that for every 3 moles of CuO that are consumed, 1 mole of N2 is produced.

To find the number of moles of N2 that can be made when 42 moles of CuO are consumed, we can use the stoichiometry of the reaction. We can use the following formula:

moles of product = moles of reactant x (moles of product / moles of reactant)

In this case, we can use the following equation to find the number of moles of N2 that can be produced:

= moles of N2

= 42 moles x (1 mole N2 / 3 moles CuO)

= 14 moles of N2

So, when 42 moles of CuO are consumed, 14 moles of N2 can be made.

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