The quantum numbers for the very last electron in Cadmium (Cd) atom is (5, 0, 0, ±¹/₂) for the four quantum numbers.
What are quantum numbers?Quantum numbers are the set of numbers used to express the location and energy of an electron in an atom.
There are four quantum numbers used to describe the location and energy of an electron in an atom, and they are:
Principal quantum number, nazimuthal quantum number, lmagnetic quantum number, mi andspin quantum numbers, msThe electronic configuration of cadmium is [Kr]4d¹⁰5s².
Hence, cadmium belongs to period 5 of the periodic table, and the last electron occupies the 5s orbital.
The l value of the s orbital is 0, and mi is 0 as well.
The value of ms is ±¹/₂.
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in which of the following systems is(are) work done by the surroundings on the system? assume pressure and temperature are constant.
a. 2SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2SO3 (g)
b. CO2 (s)→ CO2(g)
c. 4NH3(g) + 7O2(g) → 4NO2 (g) + 6H2O(g)
d. N2O4 (g) → 2NO2(g)
e. CaCO3 (s) → CaCO (s) + CO2(g)
The systems that work done by the surroundings on the system are CO₂ (s)→ CO₂(g) and CaCO₃ (s) → CaCO (s) + CO₂(g). The correct answer is b and e.
When a system transitions from one state (one set of values for its physical attributes) to another state, a process known as the thermodynamic process takes place. When all of the system's macroscopic physical properties regain their original values, the system is said to have returned to its initial state. If the system is doing the job, it has a negative sign.
W = ΔP V is the formula for determining work given pressure (P) and volume (ΔV) changes.
W= negative for any work done by the system on the environment.
ΔV must be a positive number.
When a system transitions from a lower active state, such as solid to liquid, solid to gas, or liquid to gas, V is positive.
As a result, choices (B) and (E) are suitable responses.
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Which of these is an example of a chemical property?
A. Gasoline ignites in an engine.
B. Hydrogen peroxide has a sharp odor.
C. Copper can be formed into wires.
D. Sodium metal is soft and malleable.
Answer:
A. Gasoline ignites in an engine.
which of the following elements will have s and p orbitals
he
li
ca
o
Which statement is the scientific rationale for prescribing and administering donepezil (Aricept), a cholinesterase inhibitor?
A. Aricept works to bind the dopamine at neuron receptor sites to increase ability.
B. Aricept increases the availability of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses.
C. Aricept decrease acetylcholine in the periphery to increase movement.
D. Aricept delays transmission of acetylcholine at the neuronal junction.
The scientific basis for prescribing and giving donepezil (Antidepressants), a cholinesterase inhibitor, is that it enhances the accessibility of acetylcholine through cholinergic synapses.
A cholinesterase inhibitor's function is what?The degradation of acetylcholine is slowed down by cholinesterase inhibitors. They use it to treat dementia, including signs of Alzheimer's. This activity discusses the many applications of alkylating drugs in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders as well as their recommendations, modes of action, and restrictions.
What are the three cholinesterase inhibitors?Galantamine as well as rivastigmine are two of the three antidepressants that have been approved for the management of cognition brought on by Parkinson disease. They are thought to work by compensating for reduced cholinergic synaptic transmission, which is another feature of VCI.
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A rocket travels in a straight line at a speed of 5000 m/s. After 1 min, it is 10,000 m/s. What is the rocket's acceleration?
A rocket travels in a straight line at a speed of 5000 m/s. After 1 min, it is 10,000 m/s. 83.33ms⁻² is the rocket's acceleration.
What is an acceleration ?The rate of change of velocity is defined as acceleration. Acceleration usually indicates that the speed is changing, but this is not always the case. When an object moves in a circular path at a constant speed, it is still accelerating because its velocity direction changes.
Vf = Vo + at
Vf = Final velocity
Vo = Initial Velocity
a = acceleration
t = time required
Making "a" the subject
a = Vf - Vo/(t)
a = 10,000–5,000/(60)
a = 5,000/60
a = 83.33ms⁻²
Thus, 83.33ms⁻² is the rocket's acceleration.
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I need help on 9, 10, 11, and 12
The limiting reactant and excess reactant can be determined by a concept known as the Law of Conservation of Mass.
The limiting reactant and excess reactantLimiting Reactant: H2O, Excess Reactant: O2Limiting Reactant: Mg(OH)2, Excess Reactant: HCILimiting Reactant: Fe2O3, Excess Reactant: ZnLimiting Reactant: CuSO4, Excess Reactant: AgNO3This law states that matter can neither be created nor destroyed. Therefore, the amount of each reactant must be equal to the amount of each product. By looking at the chemical equation and the amount of each reactant, the limiting reactant is the one that is used up first and therefore determines the amount of products that can be made. The excess reactant is the one that is left over once the limiting reactant has been exhausted. For example, in problem 9, the equation is 2H2O + O2 →→ 2H2O2 and the amounts are 5 mol H2O and 15 mol O2. Since oxygen is used up first, it is the limiting reactant and hydrogen is the excess reactant. In problem 10, the equation is Mg(OH)2 + 2HCI→→ MgCl2 + 2H2O and the amounts are 6 mol Mg(OH)2 and 20 mol HCI.Since magnesium is used up first, it is the limiting reactant and hydrochloric acid is the excess reactant. In problem 11, the equation is 3Zn + Fe2O3→ 3ZnO + 2Fe and the amounts are 4 mol Zn and 2 mol Fe2O3. Since zinc is used up first, it is the limiting reactant and iron oxide is the excess reactant. In problem 12, the equation is CuSO4 + 2AgNO3 → Cu(NO3)2 + Ag₂SO4 and the amounts are 13 mol CuSO4 and 22 mol AgNO3. Since copper sulfate is used up first, it is the limiting reactant and silver nitrate is the excess reactant.To learn more about The limiting reactant and excess reactant refer to:
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Consider the composition. information from the SDS. What is a possible name of this compound?
A. Glycine
B. Glycogen
C. Glycerol
The compound that we have in the SDS is glycerol.
What is the SDS?We know that the SDS is the acronym that stands for the safety data sheet. This is the kind of sheet that tells us about the properties of a substance and any other safety information that we might need.
From the information, we can see that compound is not flammable and that it does not vaporize quite easily thus it is quite safe and this would correspond to glycerol. This corresponds to the safety data sheet that we have.
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heating use copper tubing Hot water runs through and heats the copper tubing , which in heats aluminum finsis actually the aluminum fins that heat the air rising through the How much energy would it take to heat a section of the copper tubing that weighs about 555.0 gfrom 1.89 deg * C to 27.75 deg * C Copper has a specific heat of 0.3850(J/g)*^ C. Express your answer to four significant figures .m
A total of 1397 j of heat are required, a substance's specific heat is the amount of energy required to increase its temperature by one degree Celsius (°C) for one gram of that substance.
Describe precise heat in your own words?A substance's specific heat is the amount of energy required to increase its temperature by one degree Celsius (°C) for one gram of that substance.
In comparison to other substances, water has a high specific heat, which means that raising its temperature requires more energy.
Explanation:
Data provided
Copper tubing weighs 595.0 g in total.
15.18 °C when temperature is initial
Finished temperature was 21.28 °C.
Copper's particular heat is equal to 0.3850 j/g°C.
Heat needed in terms of =?
Solution:
Thermodynamic shift
ΔT = T2 - T1
ΔT = 21.28 - 15.18 = 6.1 °C
Formula:
Q = m. c. ΔT
Q is the heat flux
m Equals mass
c is the specific heat
T is the temperature change.
The values will now be entered into the formula.
Q = m. c. ΔT
Q = 595 g. 0.3850 j/g°C . 6.1 °C
Q = 1397.36 j
A total of 1397 j of heat are required.
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you analyze a sample of carbon and determine that 6% of the carbon atoms in your sample have a mass number (atomic mass) greater than 12, (12 is the normal atomic mass of carbon). based on these results, which of the following can you reasonably conclude?
If you analyze a carbon sample and discover that 6% of the carbon atoms have an atomic number greater than 12, you may safely assume that 6% of the sample is made up of carbon isotopes.
Carbon-12 (12 C), which has six neutrons in addition to its six protons, is by far the most common isotope of carbon. The following-heaviest isotope of carbon, carbon-13 (13 C), has seven neutrons. They are both referred to as stable isotopes since neither 12 C nor 13 C experience radioactive decay over time. The nuclear charge number (sign Z) of an atomic nucleus is the chemical element's atomic number. The proton number in regular nuclei is equivalent to this (np).
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2 Na + O2 --> Na2O2
If you have 5 moles of O2 then how many moles of Na are needed? Enter the number with no units needed.
Please hurry!! So many pts given WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!
Answer: 10 moles of Na are needed to react with 5 moles of O2 in the reaction 2 Na + O2 → Na2O2.
A bag of potato chips is sealed in a factory near seal level. The atmospheric pressure at the factory is 761.3 mm Hg. The pressure inside the bag is the same. What is the pressure inside the bag of potato chip in kPa? kPa (ROUND TO THE NEAREST WHOLE NUMBER WHEN TYPING YOUR ANSWER.)
50 points
To convert the pressure inside the bag from mm Hg to kPa, we can use the conversion factor:
1 kPa = 7.5 mm Hg
So, we can divide the pressure in mm Hg by 7.5:
761.3 mm Hg / 7.5 = 101.5 kPa
So, the pressure inside the bag of potato chips is approximately 101.5 kPa.
It is important to note that the conversion factor of 1 kPa = 7.5 mm Hg, is an approximation and it can vary depending on the temperature and altitude.
Therefore, the pressure inside the bag of potato chip in kPa is 101 kPa (rounded to the nearest whole number)
Drag and drop the following building materials from lowest to highest based on their
porosity.
Lowest
Concrete
Oak
2nd Lowest
Clay
2nd Highest
Slate
Highest
Due to their porous and permeable nature, gravel and sand are excellent aquifer materials. The most permeable material is gravel.
What is porosity of building materials?The porosity of a substance is determined by how much of its total volume is made up of such spaces as a proportion of its entire volume made up of solids and pores. Common building materials like plaster, concrete, and brick all have varying degrees of porosity, falling between 50% and 65% for plaster, 40% for concrete, and 55% for brick.Glass, polymers, metals, and varnished wood are a few materials that don't have pores.Microporous, mesoporous, and macroporous materials are the three sizes of porous materials, respectively.Due to their frequent formation at depth and interlocking crystal structure, igneous or metamorphic rocks have the lowest primary porosity.To learn more about materials refer to:
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hemiacetals are the product of a reaction between oh oh an aldehyde and one equivalent of alcohol. h r3 similarly, hemiketals form by a reaction between a r or1 or1 r ketone and one equivalent of alcohol. the reaction hemiacetal hemiketal can be either inter- or intramolecular. the general structures are:
When an aldehyde or ketone combines with an alcohol in the presence of a potent acid catalyst, hemiacetals are the intermediate molecules that result.
What is hemiacetal?Alcohol and ether are joined to the same carbon atom as hemiacetals. Hydrogen is positioned at the fourth bonding position. An aldehyde is the precursor of a hemiacetal.
A hemiacetal's basic structure is R1-C(OH)-R2-whereas a hemiketal's basic structure is R1-C(OR2)-R3-. Intermolecular reactions can occur depending on the starting components and environmental factors. The removal of the alcohol readily transforms hemiacetals and hemiketals into the equivalent aldehyde or ketone, indicating that in general, these molecules are relatively unstable.
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If an asteroid created enough dust to block out the Sun, what would be the effect on green plants, as well as other life on Earth? Why?
If an asteroid created enough dust to block out the Sun, it would likely have a severe and devastating effect on life on Earth.
Green plants, which rely on sunlight for photosynthesis, would not be able to produce the energy they need to survive, leading to mass die-offs of vegetation. This would in turn have a cascading effect on the entire ecosystem, as animals that depend on plants for food would also struggle to survive. The lack of sunlight would also cause a decrease in temperature, which can have a negative impact on many organisms.
The lack of sunlight would also have a severe impact on the climate and weather patterns, leading to a "nuclear winter" scenario, where the temperature drops significantly, leading to the extinction of many species, including the human species, who rely on the food chain.
draw the structure of the product of this reaction. use the wedge/hash bond tools to indicate stereochemistry where it exists. if there are alternative structures, draw the most stable one. if no reaction occurs, draw the organic starting material.
The E2 elimination reaction of cyclo-alkylhalides are usually stereo selective. Usually trans isomer reacts slowly than cis-isomer. So the elimination reaction in an alkaline potassium hydroxide medium will be 1-methyl cyclohexene.
The reason behind stereo selectivity is because pf the spatial orientation of the substituents on the ring structure. For cyclic compounds this has a great influence to direct a reaction in Regio-selectivity. The transition state between the reactant and product influence in the rate of elimination reaction.
Here the major elimination product is 1-methyl cyclohexene and a minor amount of 3-methyl cyclohexene is also produced.
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(The question is not complete. The complete question is given as an image)
The compound diborane (B₂H6) was at one
time considered for use as a rocket fuel. Its
combustion reaction is
B2H6(g) + 3 O2(l) → 2 HBO2(g) + 2 H₂O(l)
The fact that HBO2, a reactive compound,
was produced rather than the relatively inert
B₂O3 was a factor in the discontinuation of
the investigation of the diborane as a fuel.
What mass of liquid oxygen (LOX) would be
needed to burn 190.3 g of B₂H6?
Answer in units of g. Answer in units of g.
Answer:
1583.76 g O2
Explanation:
For every one molecule of B2H6 that reacts, 3 molecules of O2 are needed. To determine the mass of liquid oxygen (LOX) needed to burn 190.3 g of B2H6, use the balanced equation as a conversion factor.
1 mole of B2H6 = 28.02 g
1 mole of O2 = 32 g
Using the balanced equation above, you know that for every 1 mole of B2H6, 3 moles of O2 are needed.
Therefore, the mass of O2 needed for 190.3 g of B2H6 is:
190.3 g B2H6 * (3 moles O2 / 1 mole B2H6) * (32 g O2 / 1 mole O2) = 1583.76 g O2
Enter your answer in the provided box. Hydrogen sulfide decomposes according to the following reaction, for which Kc 9.30x10 S at 700 C: 2 H2 S(g) 2 H2(g)+S2(g) If 0.49 mol of H2 (g) at 700 C? S is placed in a 3.0-L. container, what is the equillbrium concentration of H
When the Hydrogen sulfide decomposes according , the equilibrium concentration of H₂ is 0.0019 mol/L.
Given that :
Numbers of moles of H₂S = 0.49 moles
The Volume = 3.0 L
The Equilibrium constant = 9.30 × 10⁻⁸
The reaction is given as :
2H₂S ⇄ 2H₂(g) + S₂(g)
Initial concentration = 0.49 / 3
= 0.16 mol
2H₂S ⇄ 2H₂(g) + S₂(g)
Initial 0.9166 0 0
Change -2 x +2 x + x
Equilibrium (0.16 - 2x) 2x x
kc = [H₂]²[S₂]² / [H₂S]²
9.30 × 10⁻⁸ = (2x)²(x²) / ( 0.16 - 2x)²
x = 9.5 × 10⁻⁴
The equilibrium concentration for H₂ = 2x
= 2 × 9.5 × 10⁻⁴
= 0.0019 mol/L
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The compound diborane (B₂H6) was at one
time considered for use as a rocket fuel. Its
combustion reaction is
B₂H6(g) + 3 O2(l) → 2 HBO2(g) + 2 H₂O(l)
The fact that HBO2, a reactive compound,
was produced rather than the relatively inert
B203 was a factor in the discontinuation of
the investigation of the diborane as a fuel.
What mass of liquid oxygen (LOX) would be
needed to burn 190.3 g of B₂H6?
Answer in units of g. Answer in units of g.
the mass of liquid oxygen (LOX) that would be needed to burn 190.3 g of B2H6 is approximately 332.9 g.
Finding the mass of liquid oxygen (LOX)
The mass of B2H6 is given as 190.3 g, and the molar mass of B2H6 is 27.66964 g/mol.
So using this molar mass, we can find the number of moles of B2H6 using the following calculation:
190.3 g / 27.66964 g/mol = 6.918 moles of B2H6
Now we use the balanced equation to find the number of moles of O2 that are needed.
B2H6(g) + 3 O2(l) → 2 HBO2(g) + 2 H2O(l)
The coefficient of O2 on the reactant side is 3, so for every 3 moles of O2 consumed, 2 moles of B2H6 are consumed.
Therefore, we can use the following conversion factors to find the moles of O2 needed:
6.918 moles B2H6 x 3 moles O2/2 moles B2H6 = 10.377 moles O2
To find the mass of O2 that is needed, we will use the molar mass of O2 which is 32 g/mol
10.377 moles O2 x 32 g/mol = 332.9 g O2
So the mass of liquid oxygen (LOX) that would be needed to burn 190.3 g of B2H6 is approximately 332.9 g.
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Which of the following is not one of the four most common elements found in living organisms? (a) Hydrogen
(b) Carbon
(c) Sulphur
(d) Nitrogen
A element that does not belong to the four elements that are most frequently found in living things is sulfur.
What do you mean by element?A fundamental object that is difficult to divide into smaller bits is known as an element. An element is a chemical that cannot be broken by non-nuclear reactions in chemistry or physics. A discrete component of a bigger structure or collection is referred to as an element in computers and mathematics.
What constitutes an element?Each element is made up of atoms which are composed of neutrons, electrons, and neutrons. Two distinct atom types can be combined to form a compound. Although a molecule cannot be distinguished from the larger material, it shares many characteristics with it.
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the value of the equilibrium constant k is a measure of how far the reaction proceeds toward the products at a given temperature. a small value of k indicates that the reaction favors the , whereas a large value of k indicates that the will be present in a higher proportion. multiple choice question.
The fill in the blanks is as follows :
a) Reactants
b) Products
The value of the equilibrium constant k is the measure of how far will the reaction proceeds toward produce the products at a temperature.
a) A small value of k indicates that the reaction will favors the reactants.
b) Whereas a large value of k indicates that the "product" will be present in the higher proportion.
The equilibrium reaction is the state of the reaction where the rate of the forward reaction is equals to the rate of the backward reaction. The rate of the forward reaction is equals to the rate of the backward reaction.
This question is incomplete , the complete question is :
The value of the equilibrium constant k is a measure of how far the reaction proceeds toward the products at a given temperature. a small value of k indicates that the reaction favors the , whereas a large value of k indicates that the will be present in a higher proportion. multiple choice question.
a) Reactant
b) Product
c) Both reactant and product
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A solution prepared by dissolving 342 mg of a sugar (a molecular compound and a nonelectrolyte) in 1.00 g of water froze at -1.86°C. What is the molar mass of this sugar? The value of Kf is 1.86°C/m.
The molar mass of the sugar according to freezing point depression is 342 g.
What is molar mass?Molar mass of a compound or a molecule is defined as the mass of the elements which are present in it.The molar mass is considered to be a bulk quantity not a molecular quantity. It is often an average of the of the masses at many instances.
The molecular mass and formula mass are used as synonym for the molar mass.It does not depend on the amount of substance which is present in the sample.It has units of gram/mole.
The freezing point depression is related to molar mass as ΔTf= Kf×mass/molar mass×1/mass of solvent in kg .On substitution,molar mass=1.86×342/1.86=342 g.
Thus, the molar mass of sugar is 342 g.
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TRUE OR FALSE the number of transporters directly corresponds to the rate at which solutes may diffuse, the more transporters present, the faster the rate of diffusion.
False. The number of transporters present in a cell membrane does not directly correspond to the rate at which solutes may diffuse.
Transporters are proteins that span the cell membrane and actively transport specific molecules across the membrane, against their concentration gradient, using energy from ATP. They do not increase the rate of diffusion of solutes which is passive movement of solutes from high concentration to low concentration areas.
Diffusion rate is determined by several factors, including the concentration gradient of the solute, the permeability of the membrane to the solute, and the temperature. The presence of transporters may affect the overall rate of solute transport across the membrane, but this is not the same as the rate of diffusion.
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Charlotte is driving at 69.8 mi/h and receives a text message. She looks down at her phone and takes her eyes off the road for 3.27 s. How far has Charlotte traveled in feet during this time?
Charlotte is driving at 69.8 mi/h and receives a text message. She looks down at her phone and takes her eyes off the road for 3.27 s. 102.02 m far has Charlotte traveled in feet during this time.
What is speed ?The term speed is defined as the rate of change of position of an object in any direction.
Given:
The speed at which charlotte is driving = 69.8 mi/h
The time which she took of her eyes from the road = 3.27 s
During the entire journey, the time at which she took her eyes off the road, she is probably not driving.
We will have to convert the 69.8 mi/h to m/s
Since 1 mi/hr = 0.44704 m/s
69.8 mi/h will be:
= (69.8 mi/hr × 0.44704 m/s) ÷ 1 mi/hr
= 31.20 m/s
Now, using the relation:
Speed = distance/ time
31.20 m/s = (distance) / 3.27s
By Cross multiplying
Distance = 31.20 m/s × 3.27s
Distance = 102.02 m
Thus, Charlotte traveled by feet for 102.02 m during this time.
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true/false. carbon dioxide produced by the action of dilute hydrochloric acid and potassium hydrogen carbonate is moist whereas that produced by heating potassium hydrogen carbonate is dry what would be the difference in the composition of carbon dioxide in the two cases question mark state the associated law
In all scenarios, the oxygen and carbon will mix at the same ratio of 1:2, making up the same amount of C02. The law of represents the quantity is related.
Does carbon dioxide pose a threat to people?Numerous health impacts from CO2 exposure might be experienced. These symptoms can include a coma, hypoxia, convulsions, sweating, a tingling or pins-and-needles sensation, headaches, disorientation, unrest, a tingling or pins-and-needles feeling, and difficulty breathing.
What is carbon dioxide's function?The most significant greenhouse gas on Earth is carbon dioxide, which both absorbs and distributes heat. In contrast to oxygen and nitrogen, which together make up the majority of our atmosphere, greenhouse gases take in heat emitted from the Planet's surface and re-emit it in all directions, especially back to towards the planet's surface.
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important of science
Answer:Science is important because science
is the the way to know about other things that we didn't know about our planet and many other things.
Explanation:thank you hope it
given that the molecular weight of naturally occurring oxygen is 15.99938 amu, and the following table, compute the molecular weights of
The natural abundance of 36Ar is 0.337%, and its molecular weight is 35.96755 amu. The natural abundance of 38Ar is 0.063%, and its molecular weight is 37.96272 amu. The natural abundance of 40Ar is
The total atomic weight of every atom in a substance's molecule is that substance's molecular weight. Common units of measurement include atomic mass units (amu) and daltons (Da). The number of atoms of each element present in a molecule is multiplied by the atomic weight of that element, and the sum of all these values is used to determine the substance's molecular weight. An essential physical characteristic that may be utilised to identify a material and forecast how it will behave in chemical reactions is its molecular weight. The molar concentration of a solution is calculated, the amount of a drug contained in a sample is determined, and many more practical applications are also employed.
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consider a sample containing 1 mol of an ideal gas in a flexible, closed container. what of the changes will cause the volume to decrease?
A sample containing 1 mol of an ideal gas in a flexible, closed container. The changes will cause the volume to decrease is :
1) To decrease the temperature and the increase in pressure.
2) Temp decreases and pressure remains constant.
The ideal gas equation is as follows :
P V = n R T
Number of moles = 1 mol
n = 1
V = R T / P
The temperature is directly proportional to the volume and the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume.
So, the conditions that will decreases the volume are :
1) To decrease the temperature and the increase in pressure.
2) Temp decreases and pressure remains constant.
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Explain why the name shown below is incorrect for the compound MgCl,?
Name: Magnesium Dichloride
Determine the oxidation state of the transition metal in each of these coordination compounds:
{eq}a) \ [CoBr(NH_3)_5]Br\\ b) \ [PtCl(CO)_3]Cl_3\\ c) \ Na_2[CuCl_4(H_2O)_2] {/eq}
The oxidation state of the transition metal in the coordination compounds is as follows :
a) [CoBr(NH₃)₅]Br is +2
b) [PtCl(CO)₃]Cl₃ is + 4
c) Na₂[CuCl₄(H₂O)₂] is +2
a) [CoBr(NH₃)₅]Br
Charge on Br = -1
Charge on NH₃ = 0
The oxidation state of Cobalt is :
Co - 1 - 1 = 0
Co = + 2
b) [PtCl(CO)₃]Cl₃
The Charge on Cl = -1
The Charge on CO = 0
The oxidation state of platinum is :
Pt - 1 - 3 = 0
Pt = + 4
c) Na₂[CuCl₄(H₂O)₂]
The charge on Na = + 1
The charge on Cl = - 1
The oxidation state of Copper is :
2 + Cu - 4 = 0
Cu = + 2
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The free-energy change, ΔG, for the chemical reaction A → B is 0 kcal/mole at 37°C when the concentrations of A and B are 10 M and 0.1 M, respectively. What is the free-energy change for the reaction when the concentrations of A and B are 0.01 M and 1 M, respectively?
The free energy change for the same reaction when the concentrations of A and B are 0.01 M and 1 M, respectively, is -2.501 kJ/mol.
The free energy change, ΔG, for the chemical reaction A → B is determined by the equation ΔG = -RT ln(K), where R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, and K is the equilibrium constant.
Because the temperature of the reaction is held constant, the ΔG will remain the same no matter what the concentrations of A and B are.
To calculate the free energy change for the reaction when the concentrations of A and B are 0.01 M and 1 M, respectively, we need to calculate the new equilibrium constant, K.
K is equal to the product of the concentrations divided by the reactants. For this reaction, K = (1 M)(0.01 M)/(10 M) = 0.001.
Plugging this value of K into the equation for ΔG,we get
ΔG = -RT ln(K) = -(8.314 J/K mol)(310 K) ln(0.001) = -2.501 kJ/mol.
This is the free energy change for the reaction when the concentrations of A and B are 0.01 M and 1 M, respectively.
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